全文获取类型
收费全文 | 664167篇 |
免费 | 74777篇 |
国内免费 | 520篇 |
专业分类
739464篇 |
出版年
2016年 | 6955篇 |
2015年 | 9938篇 |
2014年 | 11604篇 |
2013年 | 16573篇 |
2012年 | 18603篇 |
2011年 | 18682篇 |
2010年 | 12559篇 |
2009年 | 11591篇 |
2008年 | 16529篇 |
2007年 | 17401篇 |
2006年 | 16352篇 |
2005年 | 15766篇 |
2004年 | 15421篇 |
2003年 | 14778篇 |
2002年 | 14830篇 |
2001年 | 31137篇 |
2000年 | 31778篇 |
1999年 | 24997篇 |
1998年 | 8282篇 |
1997年 | 8696篇 |
1996年 | 8180篇 |
1995年 | 7812篇 |
1994年 | 7672篇 |
1993年 | 7553篇 |
1992年 | 20671篇 |
1991年 | 20142篇 |
1990年 | 19403篇 |
1989年 | 18781篇 |
1988年 | 17662篇 |
1987年 | 16797篇 |
1986年 | 15722篇 |
1985年 | 15766篇 |
1984年 | 12963篇 |
1983年 | 11146篇 |
1982年 | 8707篇 |
1981年 | 7926篇 |
1980年 | 7279篇 |
1979年 | 12606篇 |
1978年 | 9856篇 |
1977年 | 9018篇 |
1976年 | 8429篇 |
1975年 | 9557篇 |
1974年 | 10325篇 |
1973年 | 10207篇 |
1972年 | 9478篇 |
1971年 | 8360篇 |
1970年 | 7394篇 |
1969年 | 7145篇 |
1968年 | 6481篇 |
1967年 | 5584篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
171.
Recombinant human insulin. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Insulin is a well-characterized peptide that can be produced by recombinant DNA technology for human therapeutic use. A brief overview of insulin production from both traditional mammalian pancreatic extraction and recombinant bacterial and yeast systems is presented, and detection techniques, including electrophoresis, are reviewed. Analytical systems for insulin separation are principally based on reversed-phase chromatography, which resolves the deamidation product(s) (desamido insulin) of insulin, proinsulin, and insulin. Process-scale separation is a multistep process and includes ion exchange, reversed-phase, and size exclusion chromatography. Advantages and/or disadvantages of various separation approaches, as described by the numerous literature references on insulin purification, are presented. 相似文献
172.
173.
S-Protein/vitronectin is a serum glycoprotein that inhibits the lytic activity of the membrane attack complex of complement, i.e., of the complex including the proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9n. We show that intact S-protein/vitronectin or its cyanogen bromide generated fragments also inhibit the hemolysis mediated by perforin from cytotoxic T-cells at 45 and 11 microM, respectively. The glycosaminoglycan binding site of S-protein/vitronectin is responsible for the inhibition, since a synthetic peptide corresponding to a part of this highly basic domain (amino acid residues 348-360) inhibits complement- as well as perforin-mediated cytolysis. In the case of C9, the synthetic peptide binds to the acidic residues occurring in its N-terminal cysteine-rich domain (residues 101-111). Antibodies raised against this particular segment react 25-fold better with the polymerized form of C9 as compared with its monomeric form, indicating that this site becomes exposed only upon the hydrophilic-amphiphilic transition of C9. Since the cysteine-rich domain of C9 has been shown to be highly conserved in C6, C7, and C8 as well as in perforin, the inhibition of the lytic activities of these molecules by S-protein/vitronectin or by peptides corresponding to its heparin binding site may be explained by a similar mechanism. 相似文献
174.
Templeton G. H.; Sweeney H. L.; Timson B. F.; Padalino M.; Dudenhoeffer G. A. 《Journal of applied physiology》1988,65(3):1191-1195
Chronic reduction of gravitational load in the rear limbs of rats to simulate the influence of near-zero gravity in skeletal muscles has been shown previously to elicit atrophy in the soleus muscle. Use of this model by the present investigation indicates that soleus atrophy was characterized by a decline in the number of fibers in groups that contained the slow isoenzyme of myosin and which were classified as type I from intensity of staining to myofibrillar actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) and to NADH tetrazolium reductase. Furthermore total fiber number was not changed, whereas fibers containing the intermediate isoenzyme and those classified as type IIa increased. There results could be explained by either a change in the composition within existing fibers or a simultaneous loss of slow fibers and de novo synthesis of intermediate and fast fibers. Evidence for transformation included an absence of embryonic or neonatal myosin in muscles from suspended rats and the constant fiber number that was unchanged by 4 wk of suspension. Furthermore although fiber areas of both groups of type I and IIa fibers declined during suspension, variability of the fiber areas within each group did not increase. 相似文献
175.
The oxidative half-reaction of phenol hydroxylase has been studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Three flavin-oxygen intermediates can be detected when the substrate is thiophenol, or m-NH2, m-OH, m-CH3, m-Cl, or p-OH phenol. Intermediate I, the flavin C(4a)-hydroperoxide, has an absorbance maximum at 380-390 nm and an extinction coefficient approximately 10,000 M-1 cm-1. Intermediate III, the flavin C(4a)-hydroxide, has an absorbance maximum at 365-375 nm and an extinction coefficient approximately 10,000 M-1 cm-1. Intermediate II has absorbance maxima of 350-390 nm and extinction coefficients of 10,000-16,000 M-1 cm-1 depending on the substrate. A Hammett plot of the logarithm of the rates of the oxygen transfer step, the conversion of intermediate I to intermediate II, gives a straight line with a slope -0.5. Fluoride ion is a product of the enzymatic reaction when 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenol is the substrate. These results are consistent with an electrophilic substitution mechanism for oxygen transfer. The conversions of I to II and II to III are acid-catalyzed. A kinetic isotope effect of 8 was measured for the conversion of II to III using deuterated resorcinol as substrate. The conversion of III to oxidized enzyme is base-catalyzed, suggesting that the reaction depends on the removal of the flavin N(5) proton. Product release occurs at the same time as the formation of intermediate III, or rapidly thereafter. The results are interpreted according to the ring-opened model of Entsch et al. (Entsch, B., Ballou, D. P., and Massey, V. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2550-2563). 相似文献
176.
177.
A Yersinia pseudotuberculosis protein which cross-reacts with HLA-B27 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
J H Chen D H Kono Z Yong M S Park M M Oldstone D T Yu 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1987,139(9):3003-3011
The most-debated question in the investigation of the spondyloarthropathies has been whether there is molecular mimicry between host HLA-B27 antigens and the arthritis-causing pathogens. We have generated a monoclonal anti-HLA-B27 antibody in our laboratory and have used a radioimmunoassay to screen a panel of bacterial species. Two strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were found to be highly reactive. The cross-reactive Yersinia component was identified by Western blot to be a 19,000 component. A preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis chromatography apparatus was constructed to isolate milligram quantities of this component. To verify that the component carried the HLA-B27-specific epitope, rabbits were hyperimmunized with the purified materials. Affinity-purified antibodies from one of the immunized rabbits indeed carried anti-HLA-B27 activity. Last, antibodies generated against synthetic peptides derived from the HLA-B27.1 amino acid sequence were tested against the Yersinia component. Positive reactivity was found with antibodies generated against a peptide spanning residues 69-83 of the HLA-B27.1 protein. Since this resides in the segment responsible for the allotypic specificity of the antigen, these experiments establish the presence of molecular mimicry to a high degree of confidence. 相似文献
178.
Concentration factor and biological half-life of 54Mn were determined in three species representing an ecologically and economically important food chain. Green algae (Chlorella spp.), Daphnia magna and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were exposed to 54Mn in water and assayed for 54Mn uptake. Steady state concentration factors computed from the laboratory data for algae, Daphnia and perch were 4230, 17 000 and 11, respectively. Respective biological half-lives were 1.6, 1.2 and 8.3 days. 相似文献
179.
A statistical method for correlating tRNA sequence with amino acid specificity. 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
A statistical method for finding the nucleotide positions in tRNA sequences that correlate with amino acid specificity has been developed. The procedure involves finding the subset of nucleotide positions and groups of positions where the marginal density of one amino acid tRNA class does not overlap that of any other amino acid class. The procedure is an application of a statistical method known as the Expectation Maximization algorithm. 相似文献
180.