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991.
Masatoshi Toyama Koji Mishiro Ryo Nakano Fumio Ihara 《Applied Entomology and Zoology》2013,48(4):461-467
To study developmental response of the brown-winged green bug, Plautia stali Scott, to food shortage we reared nymphs under restricted feeding conditions produced by shortening the feeding period after molt or withholding food from second to fifth instars. For second instars, molting rates were significantly reduced as the feeding period was shortened. Shortening the feeding periods for third to fifth instars also reduced molting rates, but less so; some nymphs were able to complete their developments even if no food was given to any of the instars. Compared with controls for which feeding was not restricted, nymphs that successfully reached the next instar had reduced postmolt body size as a result of restricted feeding for all instars except the fifth (2-day feeding for second instar, and 1-day feeding for third and fourth instars), whereas instar duration was unchanged or only slightly prolonged for all instars. These results suggest that only nymphs with nutritional accumulation over a specific threshold in each instar can progress to the next instar, and that, particularly for second to fourth instars, nymphs develop on schedule without prolonging instar durations to compensate for reduced growth under conditions of food shortage. 相似文献
992.
Naciye Esma Tirtom Daichi Okuno Masahiro Nakano Ken Yokoyama Hiroyuki Noji 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2013,288(1):619-623
V1-ATPase is a rotary motor protein that rotates the central shaft in a counterclockwise direction hydrolyzing ATP. Although the ATP-binding process is suggested to be the most critical reaction step for torque generation in F1-ATPase (the closest relative of V1-ATPase evolutionarily), the role of ATP binding for V1-ATPase in torque generation has remained unclear. In the present study, we performed single-molecule manipulation experiments on V1-ATPase from Thermus thermophilus to investigate how the ATP-binding process is modulated upon rotation of the rotary shaft. When V1-ATPase showed an ATP-waiting pause, it was stalled at a target angle and then released. Based on the response of the V1-ATPase released, the ATP-binding probability was determined at individual stall angles. It was observed that the rate constant of ATP binding (kon) was exponentially accelerated with forward rotation, whereas the rate constant of ATP release (koff) was exponentially reduced. The angle dependence of the koff of V1-ATPase was significantly smaller than that of F1-ATPase, suggesting that the ATP-binding process is not the major torque-generating step in V1-ATPase. When V1-ATPase was stalled at the mean binding angle to restrict rotary Brownian motion, kon was evidently slower than that determined from free rotation, showing the reaction rate enhancement by conformational fluctuation. It was also suggested that shaft of V1-ATPase should be rotated at least 277° in a clockwise direction for efficient release of ATP under ATP-synthesis conditions. 相似文献
993.
Hiroshi Hosokawa Seiji Nyu Koichi Nakamura Kumato Mifune Shigeyuki Nakano 《Chronobiology international》2013,30(4):259-270
A once-daily dosage regimen has been recently recommended in the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics since they induce a postantibiotic effect. In choosing this regimen, one must determine the most appropriate time of day for administration of the drug. We investigated the effects of the timing of amikacin (AMK) administration on the kinetics, the efficacy against intraperitoneal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the toxicity of AMK in mice with and without immijnosuppression. We found circadian variations in the kinetics, efficacy, and toxicity of the drug in mice. Male and female ICR mice, which were housed under a light-dark (12:12 h) cycle with free food and water intake, were injected subcutaneously with AMK sulfate 50 mg/kg body wt. There was a circadian variation in AMK clearance for both sexes with the maximum value in the dark phase and the minimum in the light phase after a single administration. When AMK 500 mg/kg/day was repeatedly administered once daily for 30 days, higher toxicity was demonstrated in mice injected with the drug at the time of day with lower AMK clearance, although no difference was demonstrated in the toxicity between the two time points with different AMK clearance when AMK 1,500 mg/kg was administered in a single dose. The ED50 of AMK to cure the infected mice in the midlight phase (13:00 h) with lower clearance was significantly lower than that in the middark phase (01:00 h) with higher clearance. In contrast, the ED50 in the early light phase (09:00 h) was significantly lower than that in the early dark phase (21:00 h), although AMK clearance was not different between these two different time points. In mice premedicated with cyclophosphamide to suppress immune functions, the difference in the ED50 of AMK was still demonstrated between 13:00 and 01:00 h, but not between 09:00 and 21:00 h. The present study shows not only that there were circadian variations in both AMK clearance and toxicity after repeated administration, but also that there was a circadian variation in the efficacy of AMK in mice infected with P. aeruginosa. These results suggest that the timing of drug administration should be considered in pharmacotherapy with AMK and that the most appropriate time of administration in mice and nocturnal animals may be in the midlight (resting) phase. They also suggest that the ED50 of AMK. against P. aeniginosa infection may be influenced not only by the circadian variation in pharmacokinetics but also by the variations in immune systems suppressed by cyclophosphamide. 相似文献
994.
Crystal structures of human secretory proteins ZG16p and ZG16b reveal a Jacalin-related β-prism fold
Kanagawa M Satoh T Ikeda A Nakano Y Yagi H Kato K Kojima-Aikawa K Yamaguchi Y 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2011,404(1):201-205
ZG16p is a secretory protein that mediates condensation-sorting of pancreatic enzymes to the zymogen granule membrane in pancreatic acinar cells. ZG16p interacts with glycosaminoglycans and the binding is considered to be important for condensation-sorting of pancreatic enzymes. ZG16b/PAUF, a paralog of ZG16p, has recently been found to play a role in gene regulation and cancer metastasis. However, the detailed functions of ZG16p and ZG16b remain to be clarified. Here, in order to obtain insights into structure–function relationships, we conducted crystallographic studies of human ZG16p lectin as well as its paralog, ZG16b, and determined their crystal structures at 1.65 and 2.75 Å resolution, respectively. ZG16p has a Jacalin-related β-prism fold, the first to be reported among mammalian lectins. The putative sugar-binding site of ZG16p is occupied by a glycerol molecule, mimicking the mannose bound to Jacalin-related mannose-binding-type plant lectins such as Banlec. ZG16b also has a β-prism fold, but some amino acid residues of the putative sugar-binding site differ from those of the mannose-type binding site suggesting altered preference. A positively charged patch, which may bind sulfated groups of the glycosaminoglycans, is located around the putative sugar-binding site of ZG16p and ZG16b. Taken together, we suggest that the sugar-binding site and the adjacent basic patch of ZG16p and ZG16b cooperatively form a functional glycosaminoglycan-binding site. 相似文献
995.
Yukl ET Ioanoviciu A Sivaramakrishnan S Nakano MM Ortiz de Montellano PR Moënne-Loccoz P 《Biochemistry》2011,50(6):1023-1028
DevS and DosT from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) are paralogous heme-based sensor kinases that respond to hypoxia and to low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO). Both proteins work with the response regulator DevR as a two-component regulatory system to induce the dormancy regulon in MTB. While DevS and DosT are inactive when dioxygen is bound to the heme Fe(II) at their sensor domain, autokinase activity is observed in their heme Fe(II)-NO counterparts. To date, the conversion between active and inactive states and the reactivity of the heme-oxy complex toward NO have not been investigated. Here, we use stopped-flow UV-vis spectroscopy and rapid freeze quench resonance Raman spectroscopy to probe these reactions in DevS. Our data reveal that the heme-O(2) complex of DevS reacts efficiently with NO to produce nitrate and the oxidized Fe(III) heme through an NO dioxygenation reaction that parallels the catalytic reactions of bacterial flavohemoglobin and truncated hemoglobins. Autophosphorylation activity assays show that the Fe(III) heme state of DevS remains inactive but exhibits a high affinity for NO and forms an Fe(III)-NO complex that is readily reduced by ascorbate, a mild reducing agent. On the basis of these results, we conclude that upon exposure to low NO concentrations, the inactive oxy-heme complex of DevS is rapidly converted to the Fe(II)-NO complex in the reducing environment of living cells and triggers the initiation of dormancy. 相似文献
996.
997.
Mohammad A Hossain Shigeru Kitagaki Daisuke Nakano Akira Nishiyama Yasunobu Funamoto Toru Matsunaga Ikuko Tsukamoto Fuminori Yamaguchi Kazuyo Kamitori Youyi Dong Yuko Hirata Koji Murao Yukiyasu Toyoda Masaaki Tokuda 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2011,(1):7
A rare sugar, d-psicose has progressively been evaluated as a unique metabolic regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and thus represents a promising compound for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study was undertaken to examine the underlying effector organs of d-psicose in lowering blood glucose and abdominal fat by exploiting a T2DM rat model, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. Rats were fed 5% d-psicose or 5% d-glucose supplemented in drinking water, and only water in the control for 13 weeks and the protective effects were compared. A non-diabetic Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO), fed with water served as a counter control of OLETF. After 13 weeks feeding, d-psicose treatment significantly reduced the increase in body weight and abdominal fat mass. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) showed the reduced blood glucose and insulin levels suggesting the improvement of insulin resistance in OLETF rats. Oil-red-O staining elucidated that d-psicose significantly reduced lipid accumulation in the liver. Immunohistochemical analysis showed d-psicose induced glucokinase translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm of the liver which enhances glucokinase activity and subsequent synthesis of glycogen in the liver. d-psicose also protected the pathological change of the β-cells of pancreatic islets. These data demonstrate that d-psicose controls blood glucose levels by reducing lipotoxicity in liver and by preserving pancreatic β-cell function. 相似文献
998.
999.
Kazuaki Nakano Masahito Watanabe Hitomi Matsunari Taisuke Matsuda Kasumi Honda Miki Maehara Takahiro Kanai Gota Hayashida Mirina Kobayashi Momoko Kuramoto Yoshikazu Arai Kazuhiro Umeyama Shuh-hei Fujishiro Yoshihisa Mizukami Masaki Nagaya Yutaka Hanazono Hiroshi Nagashima 《PloS one》2013,8(4)
Background
The development and validation of stem cell therapies using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be optimized through translational research using pigs as large animal models, because pigs have the closest characteristics to humans among non-primate animals. As the recent investigations have been heading for establishment of the human iPS cells with naïve type characteristics, it is an indispensable challenge to develop naïve type porcine iPS cells. The pluripotency of the porcine iPS cells can be evaluated using their abilities to form chimeras. Here, we describe a simple aggregation method using parthenogenetic host embryos that offers a reliable and effective means of determining the chimera formation ability of pluripotent porcine cells.Methodology/Significant Principal Findings
In this study, we show that a high yield of chimeric blastocysts can be achieved by aggregating the inner cell mass (ICM) from porcine blastocysts with parthenogenetic porcine embryos. ICMs cultured with morulae or 4–8 cell-stage parthenogenetic embryos derived from in vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes can aggregate to form chimeric blastocysts that can develop into chimeric fetuses after transfer. The rate of production of chimeric blastocysts after aggregation with host morulae (20/24, 83.3%) was similar to that after the injection of ICMs into morulae (24/29, 82.8%). We also found that 4–8 cell-stage embryos could be used; chimeric blastocysts were produced with a similar efficiency (17/26, 65.4%). After transfer into recipients, these blastocysts yielded chimeric fetuses at frequencies of 36.0% and 13.6%, respectively.Conclusion/Significance
Our findings indicate that the aggregation method using parthenogenetic morulae or 4–8 cell-stage embryos offers a highly reproducible approach for producing chimeric fetuses from porcine pluripotent cells. This method provides a practical and highly accurate system for evaluating pluripotency of undifferentiated cells, such as iPS cells, based on their ability to form chimeras. 相似文献1000.
Ludmila Nakamura Rapado Alessandro de Sá Pinheiro Priscila Orechio de Moraes Victor Lopes Harold Hilarion Fokoue Marcus Tullius Scotti Joaquim Vogt Marques Fernanda Pires Ohlweiler Sueli Ivone Borrely Carlos Alberto de Bragan?a Pereira Massuo Jorge Kato Eliana Nakano Lydia Fumiko Yamaguchi 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2013,7(6)