全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4578篇 |
免费 | 383篇 |
国内免费 | 462篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 8篇 |
2023年 | 57篇 |
2022年 | 133篇 |
2021年 | 224篇 |
2020年 | 163篇 |
2019年 | 247篇 |
2018年 | 205篇 |
2017年 | 161篇 |
2016年 | 190篇 |
2015年 | 309篇 |
2014年 | 346篇 |
2013年 | 354篇 |
2012年 | 438篇 |
2011年 | 447篇 |
2010年 | 237篇 |
2009年 | 197篇 |
2008年 | 223篇 |
2007年 | 210篇 |
2006年 | 195篇 |
2005年 | 159篇 |
2004年 | 127篇 |
2003年 | 113篇 |
2002年 | 90篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 45篇 |
1999年 | 58篇 |
1998年 | 45篇 |
1997年 | 48篇 |
1996年 | 47篇 |
1995年 | 29篇 |
1994年 | 39篇 |
1993年 | 17篇 |
1992年 | 30篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有5423条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Zaiyu Zheng Jinxian Yang Junqing Ge Hongshu Chi Bin Chen Qinmei Fang Hui Gong 《Cell biology international》2020,44(3):808-820
In the present study, a new hepatic tissue‐origin cell line from European eel Anguilla anguilla has been developed and characterized. This cell line designated EL has been maintained in Leibovitz L‐15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum over 72 months, and subcultured more than 90 times. The EL cell line consisted predominantly of fibroblast‐like cells, which could survive over 100 days in vitro, and could grow at 15–32°C. The optimum temperature for growth was 27°C. The chromosome analysis revealed a modal diploid karyotype of 2n = 38. The origin of this cell line was confirmed by the 18S recombinant (r)RNA sequencing. The susceptibility test indicated significant cytopathic effects in the EL cells with regard to the Rana grylio virus and the Herpesvirus anguillae. The viral replication was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction analysis. Following poly (I:C) exposure, the expression levels of the immune‐related molecules interferon regulatory factor‐7 (irf7) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) were downregulated in EL cells, whereas the expression levels of the rf3 and the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) were upregulated. All four genes were significantly upregulated following inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These data suggested the application of EL cell line for viral identification, as well as for immunodiagnosis and pharmacological targeting. 相似文献
73.
Chen S. L. Zhang L. P. Cai X. M. Bian L. Luo Z. X. Li Z. Q. Ge L. G. Chen Z. M. Xin Z. J. 《Russian Journal of Plant Physiology》2020,67(3):572-580
Russian Journal of Plant Physiology - The tea geometrid Ectropis grisescens is an important pest of tea plant (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). It feeds on the new leaves and tender... 相似文献
74.
Chang Ge Huakang Sheng Xin Chen Xiaolin Shen Xinxiao Sun Yajun Yan Jia Wang Qipeng Yuan 《Biotechnology journal》2020,15(6)
Quorum sensing (QS) is a ubiquitous cell–cell communication mechanism in microbes that coordinates population‐level cell behaviors, such as biofilm production, virulence, swarming motility, and bacterial persistence. Efforts to engineer QS systems to take part in metabolic network regulation represent a promising strategy for synthetic biology and pathway engineering. Recently, design, construction, and implementation of QS circuits for programmed control of bacterial phenotypes and metabolic pathways have gained much attention, but have not been reviewed recently. In this article, the architectural organizations and genetic contributions of the naturally occurring QS components to understand the mechanisms are summarized. Then, the most recent progress in application of QS toolkits to develop synthetic networks for novel cell behaviors creation and metabolic pathway engineering is highlighted. The current challenges in large‐scale application of these QS circuits in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering fields are discussed and future perspectives for further engineering efforts are provided. 相似文献
75.
Major depressive disorder takes at least 3 weeks for clinical anti‐depressants, such as serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, to take effect, and only one‐third of patients remit. Ketamine, a kind of anaesthetic, can alleviate symptoms of major depressive disorder patients in a short time and is reported to be effective to treatment‐resistant depression patients. The rapid and strong anti‐depressant‐like effects of ketamine cause wide concern. In addition to ketamine, caloric restriction and sleep deprivation also elicit similar rapid anti‐depressant‐like effects. However, mechanisms about the rapid anti‐depressant‐like effects remain unclear. Elucidating the mechanisms of rapid anti‐depressant effects is the key to finding new therapeutic targets and developing therapeutic patterns. Therefore, in this review we summarize potential molecular and cellular mechanisms of rapid anti‐depressant‐like effects based on the pre‐clinical and clinical evidence, trying to provide new insight into future therapy. 相似文献
76.
77.
不同水肥一体化方式对苹果氮素吸收利用特性及产量和品质的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以‘嘎啦/八棱海棠’为试材,借助15N同位素示踪技术,研究了撒施(T1)、滴灌施氮(T2)和渗灌施氮(T3)对嘎啦苹果氮素吸收利用、分配特性和产量品质的影响,以期进一步完善苹果园水肥一体化技术,挖掘提高氮素利用率的途径。结果表明: T3处理苹果叶片的叶面积、叶绿素和氮含量显著高于T1和T2处理。各时期土壤矿化氮(Nmin)含量在20~40 cm土层表现为T3>T2>T1处理,在0~20 cm土层表现为T2>T3>T1处理。同一器官的Ndff值(树体各器官从肥料中吸收到的15N占该器官全氮量的比例)在各时期均以T3处理最高,T2其次,T1处理最低。果实成熟期的树体15N利用率表现为T3>T2>T1处理,其中T3处理的树体15N利用率为24.2%,分别是T2和T1处理的1.19和1.65倍。果实成熟期T1处理的15N分配率在营养器官最高,T2处理在贮藏器官最高,T3处理在生殖器官最高。各处理的单果重、产量、可溶性固形物、硬度、可溶性糖及糖酸比均以T3处理最高,T2其次,T1处理最低。渗灌施氮处理显著促进了嘎啦苹果树体叶片生长和氮素利用,并提高了果实产量和品质。 相似文献
78.
濒危植物野外回归是扩大极小种群野生植物种群的有效途径。适宜的回归生境是物种生长的必要条件, 研究植物的生理生态特征对不同野外回归生境的适应性, 是科学评价濒危物种种群回归生境适宜性的关键指标。本文以野外回归的极小种群野生植物梓叶槭(Acer catalpifolium)为研究对象, 探讨了无遮荫、林缘、林隙以及林下(郁闭度由小到大) 4种不同光照条件对梓叶槭幼树的形态特征、光合特征、类黄酮指数及叶绿素含量等的影响。结果表明: (1)随着郁闭度的增大, 梓叶槭幼树的基径、冠幅以及新生枝条数量产生差异, 均呈现先增大后减小的趋势; (2)在林缘生境中, 梓叶槭幼树的单叶面积及单叶质量均最大, 比叶面积随着郁闭度的增大而增大; (3)随着郁闭度的增大, 梓叶槭叶片胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均呈现先减小后增大的趋势, 叶绿素含量呈现上升趋势, 类黄酮指数则呈现先增大后减小的趋势。综上可知, 林缘适宜的光照条件更适合梓叶槭野外回归。这一结果可为梓叶槭以及其他极小种群野生植物的回归生境适宜性的探索研究提供借鉴。 相似文献
79.
80.
Ji Ruiqin Gao Shiqi Bi Qing Wang Yilian Lv Mingcan Ge Wenjie Feng Hui 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2021,40(1):405-422
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin infection, leads to significant yield and economic losses in cruciferous vegetables. However, the... 相似文献