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961.
Baoyuan Qu Xue He Xueqiang Zhao Bin Li Xiangdong Fu Yiping Tong 《The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology》2014,78(1):70-79
In plants, the plasticity of root architecture in response to nitrogen availability largely determines nitrogen acquisition efficiency. One poorly understood root growth response to low nitrogen availability is an observed increase in the number and length of lateral roots (LRs). Here, we show that low nitrogen‐induced Arabidopsis LR growth depends on the function of the auxin biosynthesis gene TAR2 (tryptophan aminotransferase related 2). TAR2 was expressed in the pericycle and the vasculature of the mature root zone near the root tip, and was induced under low nitrogen conditions. In wild type plants, low nitrogen stimulated auxin accumulation in the non‐emerged LR primordia with more than three cell layers and LR emergence. Conversely, these low nitrogen‐mediated auxin accumulation and root growth responses were impaired in the tar2‐c null mutant. Overexpression of TAR2 increased LR numbers under both high and low nitrogen conditions. Our results suggested that TAR2 is required for reprogramming root architecture in response to low nitrogen conditions. This finding suggests a new strategy for improving nitrogen use efficiency through the engineering of TAR2 expression in roots. 相似文献
962.
Jie Li Ying Chen Xingliang Qin Junzhi Wen Hongmei Ding Wei Xia Shaohua Li Xueting Su Wei Wang Hui Li Qiang Zhao Tao Fang Lianghu Qu Ningsheng Shao 《Nucleic acids research》2014,42(1):458-474
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs that consist of ∼22 nt and are involved in several biological processes by regulating target gene expression. MiR-138 has many biological functions and is often downregulated in cancers. Our results showed that overexpression of miR-138 downregulated target RMND5A (required for meiotic nuclear division 5 homolog A) and reduced Exportin-5 stability, which results in decreased levels of pre-miRNA nuclear export in HeLa cells. We also found that miR-138 could significantly inhibit HeLa cell migration by targeting RMND5A. Our study therefore identifies miR-138–RMND5A–Exportin-5 as a previously unknown miRNA processing regulatory pathway in HeLa cells. 相似文献
963.
Albino midrib 1, encoding a putative potassium efflux antiporter,affects chloroplast development and drought tolerance in rice 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Peike Sheng Junjie Tan Mingna Jin Fuqing Wu Kunneng Zhou Weiwei Ma Yueqin Heng Jiulin Wang Xiuping Guo Xin Zhang Zhijun Cheng Linglong Liu Chunming Wang Xuanming Liu Jianmin Wan 《Plant cell reports》2014,33(9):1581-1594
Key message
Mutation of the AM1 gene causes an albino midrib phenotype and enhances tolerance to drought in riceAbstract
K+ efflux antiporter (KEA) genes encode putative potassium efflux antiporters that are mainly located in plastid-containing organisms, ranging from lower green algae to higher flowering plants. However, little genetic evidence has been provided on the functions of KEA in chloroplast development. In this study, we isolated a rice mutant, albino midrib 1 (am1), with green- and white-variegation in the first few leaves, and albino midrib phenotype in older tissues. We found that AM1 encoded a putative KEA in chloroplast. AM1 was highly expressed in leaves, while lowly in roots. Chloroplast gene expression and proteins accumulation were affected during chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis in am1 mutants. Interestingly, AM1 was induced by salt and PEG, and am1 showed enhanced sensitivity to salinity in seed germination and increased tolerance to drought. Taken together, we concluded that KEAs were involved in chloroplast development and played important roles in drought tolerance. 相似文献964.
Yuwei Chang Lei Zhang Xin Lu Chunxia Zhao Zhen Zhu Feng Wang Junjie Zhang Shili Chen Yanni Zhao Guowang Xu 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2014,10(6):1197-1209
Abiotic stress caused by insecticide treatment is an interesting and challenging topic in plant research. Here a simultaneous extraction method with methyl tert-butyl ether for metabolomics and lipidomics analysis by using rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and validated. The extraction efficiency of lipidome and metabolome based on the current developed method showed an obvious improvement compared with literatures. About 300 metabolites were identified in rice leaf. Method validation was performed and analytical properties including the linearity (R2, 0.991–1.000), repeatability (over 87 % peaks with CV < 20 % accounting for over 92 % of total response) and recovery (74.4–119.6 %) were satisfactory. The method was then applied to investigate time-course changes caused by insecticide treatment in transgenic rice with cry1Ac and sck genes and its wild counterpart. Antioxidants including ferulic acid and sinapic acid were down-regulated at 24 h after insecticide treatment. Signaling metabolites including salicylic acid and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were significantly up-regulated at 12–24 h after treatment in transgenic rice. More flavonoids were significantly changed in transgenic plants. Results indicated that gene transformation affected the metabolic response of rice to insecticide stress. 相似文献
965.
Jieyu Zhao Chunxiu Hu Jun Zeng Yanni Zhao Junjie Zhang Yuwei Chang Lili Li Chunxia Zhao Xin Lu Guowang Xu 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2014,10(5):805-815
Many metabolites in plant are highly polar and ionic. Their analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry can be problematic. Therefore a capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) method with charge-driven separation characteristic was developed to investigate polar metabolites in tobacco. To obtain as many features as possible, extraction of polar metabolites was optimized by the design of experiments and evaluated by univariate statistics. Method validation was carried out to evaluate the analytical characteristics including calibration curve, precision, sample stability and extraction reproducibility. The developed method was successfully applied in studying 30 tobacco leaves obtained from Yunnan and Guizhou provinces in China. A total of 154 polar metabolites were identified based on available database. Multivariate pattern recognition clearly revealed the metabolic differences between the two geographic areas and 43 significantly different metabolites were defined by the non-parametric hypothesis test (Mann–Whitney U test) and false discovery rate. Some key metabolites involved in photosynthesis such as ribulose 1,5-disphosphate, fructose 1,6-diphosphate, glycine, betaine, GABA and serine were found to be susceptible to environmental conditions. This study shows that the metabolic profiling based on CE–MS can clearly discriminate tobacco leaves of different geographical origins and understand the relationship between plant metabolites and their geographical origins. 相似文献
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970.
In this paper, the oscillations and synchronization status of two different network connectivity patterns based on Izhikevich model are studied. One of the connectivity patterns is a randomly connected neuronal network, the other one is a small-world neuronal network. This Izhikevich model is a simple model which can not only reproduce the rich behaviors of biological neurons but also has only two equations and one nonlinear term. Detailed investigations reveal that by varying some key parameters, such as the connection weights of neurons, the external current injection, the noise of intensity and the neuron number, this neuronal network will exhibit various collective behaviors in randomly coupled neuronal network. In addition, we show that by changing the number of nearest neighbor and connection probability in small-world topology can also affect the collective dynamics of neuronal activity. These results may be instructive in understanding the collective dynamics of mammalian cortex. 相似文献