全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11731篇 |
免费 | 1060篇 |
国内免费 | 1201篇 |
专业分类
13992篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 44篇 |
2023年 | 197篇 |
2022年 | 410篇 |
2021年 | 677篇 |
2020年 | 474篇 |
2019年 | 559篇 |
2018年 | 525篇 |
2017年 | 402篇 |
2016年 | 529篇 |
2015年 | 770篇 |
2014年 | 927篇 |
2013年 | 925篇 |
2012年 | 1100篇 |
2011年 | 991篇 |
2010年 | 560篇 |
2009年 | 542篇 |
2008年 | 628篇 |
2007年 | 533篇 |
2006年 | 422篇 |
2005年 | 338篇 |
2004年 | 322篇 |
2003年 | 271篇 |
2002年 | 258篇 |
2001年 | 186篇 |
2000年 | 167篇 |
1999年 | 154篇 |
1998年 | 110篇 |
1997年 | 98篇 |
1996年 | 102篇 |
1995年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 83篇 |
1993年 | 59篇 |
1992年 | 69篇 |
1991年 | 72篇 |
1990年 | 52篇 |
1989年 | 34篇 |
1988年 | 42篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 31篇 |
1985年 | 32篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 11篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 12篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1970年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
51.
Xun Li Junli Wang Jinpei Li Jifeng Wu Yonggang Li Huawei Zhu Ruifang Fan Wenfang Xu 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》2009,17(8):3053-3060
Overexpression of zinc-dependent metalloproteinase, aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13), is considered to be involved in the process of tumor invasion and metastasis. Herein we describe the synthesis and in vitro enzymatic inhibition assay of antineoplaston AS2–5 scaffold peptidomimetic compounds. The results demonstrated that most of these l-iso-glutamine derivatives displayed selective inhibitory activity against APN as compared with MMP-2, with IC50 values in the micromole range. The structure–activity relationships were also briefly discussed. 相似文献
52.
Apple Sucrose Transporter SUT1 and Sorbitol Transporter SOT6 Interact with Cytochrome b5 to Regulate Their Affinity for Substrate Sugars 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ren-Chun Fan Chang-Cao Peng Yan-Hong Xu Xiao-Fang Wang Yan Li Yi Shang Shu-Yuan Du Rui Zhao Xiao-Yan Zhang Ling-Yun Zhang Da-Peng Zhang 《Plant physiology》2009,150(4):1880-1901
Sugar transporters are central machineries to mediate cross-membrane transport of sugars into the cells, and sugar availability may serve as a signal to regulate the sugar transporters. However, the mechanisms of sugar transport regulation by signal sugar availability remain unclear in plant and animal cells. Here, we report that a sucrose transporter, MdSUT1, and a sorbitol transporter, MdSOT6, both localized to plasma membrane, were identified from apple (Malus domestica) fruit. Using a combination of the split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid, immunocoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, the two distinct sugar transporters were shown to interact physically with an apple endoplasmic reticulum-anchored cytochrome b5 MdCYB5 in vitro and in vivo. In the yeast systems, the two different interaction complexes function to up-regulate the affinity of the sugar transporters, allowing cells to adapt to sugar starvation. An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) homolog of MdCYB5, AtCYB5-A, also interacts with the two sugar transporters and functions similarly. The point mutations leucine-73 → proline in MdSUT1 and leucine-117 → proline in MdSOT6, disrupting the bimolecular interactions but without significantly affecting the transporter activities, abolish the stimulating effects of the sugar transporter-cytochrome b5 complex on the affinity of the sugar transporters. However, the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cytochrome b5 ScCYB5, an additional interacting partner of the two plant sugar transporters, has no function in the regulation of the sugar transporters, indicating that the observed biological functions in the yeast systems are specific to plant cytochrome b5s. These findings suggest a novel mechanism by which the plant cells tailor sugar uptake to the surrounding sugar availability. 相似文献
53.
54.
55.
56.
用免疫细胞化学和原位杂交技术探讨G、D细胞及胃泌素mRNA与肠化生的关系。标本来自胃镜活检的胃粘膜。结果显示,在与大肠化生区相邻的胃粘膜,G细胞突变消失,假幽门腺化生也缺乏G细胞,而淖肠化生仍保留少数G细胞;D细胞不仅见于小肠化生,而且也出现在假幽门腺化生以及某些大肠化生区。胃泌素mRNA仅限于G细胞分布区,未出现在大肠化生区和假幽门腺化生区,G细胞及胃泌素mRNA在大肠化生区的消失,可能由于局部杯状细胞分泌的硫酸粘蛋白改变了局部的微环境,从而影响了G细胞的分化与发育,至于假幽门腺化生区G细胞及胃泌素mRNA消失的原因还不清楚,应继续研究。 相似文献
57.
从簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa (L.) Schur.)组合CA9211/RW15(6D/6V异代换系)幼胚培养SC2后代中,用原位杂交方法鉴定出T240-6为6VS端体异代换系. 以此为材料,采用微细玻璃针切割法及"单管反应"技术体系,对6VS进行切割分离及LA (Linker adaptor)-PCR扩增.扩增带在100~3 000 bp 之间,大部分集中在600~1 500 bp.利用32P标记的簇毛麦基因组为探针进行Southern杂交,证实扩增产物来源于簇毛麦.扩增产物纯化后,连接到pGEM-T载体上,构建了6VS DNA质粒文库.对文库的分析表明,文库大约有17 000个白色克隆;插入片段分布在100~1 500 bp,平均600 bp.点杂交结果表明,37%克隆有中度到强烈的杂交信号,证明含有中度或高度重复序列;63%克隆有较弱的信号或没有信号,证明为单/低拷贝序列克隆.从文库中获得8个簇毛麦特异克隆,对其中两个克隆pHVMK22和 pHVMK134进行了RFLP分析和序列分析,并利用该探针对小麦抗白粉病基因Pm21进行了检测.RFLP 结果表明,两个克隆一个为低拷贝序列克隆(pHVMK22),另一个为高度重复序列克隆,均为簇毛麦专化DNA序列.以pHVMK22为探针对抗、感病小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品系的Southern杂交发现抗病品系有一条2 kb的特征带, 该探针可能作为检测抗病基因Pm21的探针. 相似文献
58.
In order for China to play a bigger, more positive role in the world, it is important for China to have a healthy capital market. This perception motivates us to examine the health of China''s capital market, especially the severity of the overall loss of the listed companies in China and the effects of accounting irregularities on the losses. We show the overall loss of the listed companies was very severe, in particular, crisis-like behavior emerged in the fourth quarter of 2002, 2004, 2005, and 2008. We further observe that loss in the fourth quarter was much greater than the average loss of the first three quarters in the same year. The most straightforward interpretation of this loss pattern is that companies underreported losses in the first three quarters, to boost their stock values in most time of the year. However, in the fourth quarter, accounting balance of the whole year dictated that the reported loss in the fourth quarter had to be much greater than the actual loss. Fortunately, such irregularity has been greatly reduced, thanks to the accounting reforms in China in 2007. 相似文献
59.
60.
目的:观察骨骼肌缺血后处理(RPostC)、心肌的缺血后处理(MPostC)对缺血/再灌注心肌保护作用是否存在差异以及两者联合后作用是否叠加。方法:健康新西兰大白兔3O只,随机分为5组(n=6):缺血对照组(Con)、假手术组(sham)、心肌缺血后处理组(MPostC)和肢体缺血后处理组(RPostC)及心肌缺血后处理联合肢体缺血后处理组(MPostC+RPostC)。采用开胸结扎冠状动脉左室支45 min,再灌注120min方法制作缺血/再灌注模型,采用短暂结扎双侧髂外动脉固定部位5 min造成骨骼肌短暂缺血。以Evans蓝标记心肌缺血区范围,以TTC法检测梗死心肌范围,并分别于缺血前、后及再灌注1、2 h测定血浆磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)活性和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量。结果:和Con组相比,MPostC和RPostC组心肌梗死范围均明显降低(P<0.05);MPostC联合RPostC组心肌梗死范围与MPostC或RPostC组相比,均进一步降低(均P<0.05)。但MPostC组及RPostC组之间心肌坏死范围未见统计学差异。再灌注120 min末血浆CPK活性及LDH含量也显示相似趋势。结论:骨骼肌缺血后处理及心肌后处理对缺血/再灌注心肌均具有明显保护作用;且两者作用可以叠加;但骨骼肌和心肌后处理之间保护作用未显示统计学差异。 相似文献