全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22200篇 |
免费 | 1964篇 |
国内免费 | 2584篇 |
专业分类
26748篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 61篇 |
2023年 | 219篇 |
2022年 | 557篇 |
2021年 | 888篇 |
2020年 | 758篇 |
2019年 | 897篇 |
2018年 | 858篇 |
2017年 | 701篇 |
2016年 | 829篇 |
2015年 | 1293篇 |
2014年 | 1634篇 |
2013年 | 1766篇 |
2012年 | 2115篇 |
2011年 | 1966篇 |
2010年 | 1312篇 |
2009年 | 1162篇 |
2008年 | 1530篇 |
2007年 | 1289篇 |
2006年 | 1192篇 |
2005年 | 991篇 |
2004年 | 979篇 |
2003年 | 904篇 |
2002年 | 811篇 |
2001年 | 367篇 |
2000年 | 263篇 |
1999年 | 216篇 |
1998年 | 219篇 |
1997年 | 135篇 |
1996年 | 131篇 |
1995年 | 130篇 |
1994年 | 94篇 |
1993年 | 77篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 31篇 |
1989年 | 44篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 27篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 25篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1962年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
51.
Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I improves glucose metabolism independently of AMPK activation 下载免费PDF全文
Wo‐Lin Hou Jun Yin Miriayi Alimujiang Xue‐Ying Yu Li‐Gen Ai Yu‐qian Bao Fang Liu Wei‐Ping Jia 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2018,22(2):1316-1328
Accumulating evidences showed metformin and berberine, well‐known glucose‐lowering agents, were able to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport chain at complex I. In this study, we aimed to explore the antihyperglycaemic effect of complex I inhibition. Rotenone, amobarbital and gene silence of NDUFA13 were used to inhibit complex I. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test were performed in db/db mice. Lactate release and glucose consumption were measured to investigate glucose metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Glucose output was measured in primary hepatocytes. Compound C and adenoviruses expressing dominant negative AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1/2 were exploited to inactivate AMPK pathway. Cellular NAD+/NADH ratio was assayed to evaluate energy transforming and redox state. Rotenone ameliorated hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance in db/db mice. It induced glucose consumption and glycolysis and reduced hepatic glucose output. Rotenone also activated AMPK. Furthermore, it remained effective with AMPK inactivation. The enhanced glycolysis and repressed gluconeogenesis correlated with a reduction in cellular NAD+/NADH ratio, which resulted from complex I suppression. Amobarbital, another representative complex I inhibitor, stimulated glucose consumption and decreased hepatic glucose output in vitro, too. Similar changes were observed while expression of NDUFA13, a subunit of complex I, was knocked down with gene silencing. These findings reveal mitochondrial complex I emerges as a key drug target for diabetes treatment. Inhibition of complex I improves glucose homoeostasis via non‐AMPK pathway, which may relate to the suppression of the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio. 相似文献
52.
Noggin and bFGF cooperate to maintain the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in the absence of feeder layers 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
Wang G Zhang H Zhao Y Li J Cai J Wang P Meng S Feng J Miao C Ding M Li D Deng H 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2005,330(3):934-942
Human embryonic stem (hES) cells are typically maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeders or with MEF-conditioned medium. However, these xenosupport systems greatly limit the therapeutic applications of hES cells because of the risk of cross-transfer of animal pathogens. Here we showed that the bone morphogenetic protein antagonist noggin is critical in preventing differentiation of hES cells in culture. Furthermore, we found that the combination of noggin and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was sufficient to maintain the prolonged growth of hES cells while retaining all hES cell features. Since both noggin and bFGF are expressed in MEF, our findings suggest that they may be important factors secreted by MEF for maintaining undifferentiated pluripotent hES cells. Our data provide new insight into the mechanism how hES cell self-renewal is regulated. The newly developed feeder-free culture system will provide a more reliable alternative for future therapeutic applications of hES cells. 相似文献
53.
电针诱导心肌缺血大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区nNOS和iNOS差异表达 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
许多研究表明,延髓头端腹外侧区(rostral ventrolateml medulla,RVLM)的NO/NOS系统参与心血管活动的中枢调节.本实验以结扎Wistar大鼠左冠状动脉前降支法建立急性心肌缺血(acute myocardial ischemia,AMI)动物模型,观察针刺"内关"穴改善AMI大鼠的心功能作用,同时检测大鼠RVLM区神经元型一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase,nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的变化,进而探讨针刺治疗AMI的中枢机制.实验观察显示,AMI大鼠心功能各项指标减弱,伴随外周血去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)和脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)水平显著升高,同时RVLM区nNOS阳性神经元数和nNOS mRNA表达升高,而iNOS水平则降低.针刺"内关"穴(Pe 6)(每天30 min,连续5天)改善心功能,降低AMI大鼠血清中NE和BNP的水平,同时升高iNOS并降低nNOS在RVLM的表达.以上结果提示,针刺治疗心肌缺血的同时可以调节iNOS/NO和nNOS/NO在RVLM的变化,这可能与针刺通过调节RVLM区的NO含量进而降低交感传出,从而改善AMI大鼠的心功能有关. 相似文献
54.
安徽马尾松人工林营养元素分配格局的研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
本文系统地研究了马尾松人工林营养元素的分配格局。结果表明马尾松不同器官营养元素含量是叶>枝皮>干皮>枝木>干木;同化器官——针叶中营养元素含量规律为N>K>Ca>Mg>P,非同化器官为Ca>N>K>Mg>P;不同器官营养元素的贮量为干木>干皮>叶>枝木>枝皮,同化器官对不同营养元素的贮量呈N>K>Ca>Mg>P,非同化器官为Ca>N>K>Mg>P;不同立地条件下,马尾松林生产1t干物质所贮存的营养元素不同,立地条件愈好,营养元素效率愈高,贮存愈少;母岩、土层厚度和养分总量是影响马尾松林地上各器官,特别是针叶营养元素含量的重要因子,土壤N、P含量越高,马尾松人工林生物量越大。 相似文献
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
川楝子中两个新的苯丙三醇甙 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
从川楝子(fruitsofMeliatoosendanSieb.etZucc.)的水溶性成分中分离出两个新的苯丙三醇甙:川楝甙A(3-甲氧基-5-羟基-9-(1’-O-β-D-葡萄糖)-苏式-苯丙三醇)和川楝甙B(4-羟基-7,8-(2’,1’-O-β-D-葡萄糖)-苯丙三醇);同时首次分离出苏式-愈创木基甘油。通过波谱解析和化学方法确定了它们的结构。 相似文献
60.
Jun Ichikawa 《Cell biology international》2010,34(6):615-620
Adult BMSCs (bone marrow stromal cells) contain MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells). MSCs can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes and myoblasts and are thus considered useful in tissue engineering for therapeutic and clinical purposes. FCS (fetal calf serum) is usually included in the differentiation medium, but the clinical application of FCS may pose a problem for some patients. To improve the efficiency and safety of BMSC cultivation, the effect of SF (serum‐free) conditions on the osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs was examined. In the presence of 10% FCS and osteogenic supplements, the cells formed mineralized von Kossa‐positive deposits. Under SF conditions with osteogenic supplementation, however, the cells possessed cytosolic lipid vacuoles that could be stained with Oil Red O. The mRNA expression of PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ), an adipogenic marker, increased under the SF condition with osteogenic supplements. These data indicate that rat BMSCs differentiate into adipocytes under SF conditions even with osteogenic supplementation and that FCS is needed to induce proper osteogenic differentiation in rat BMSCs. 相似文献