全文获取类型
收费全文 | 23717篇 |
免费 | 2090篇 |
国内免费 | 2534篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 35篇 |
2023年 | 191篇 |
2022年 | 392篇 |
2021年 | 898篇 |
2020年 | 768篇 |
2019年 | 902篇 |
2018年 | 872篇 |
2017年 | 721篇 |
2016年 | 847篇 |
2015年 | 1324篇 |
2014年 | 1667篇 |
2013年 | 1862篇 |
2012年 | 2178篇 |
2011年 | 2054篇 |
2010年 | 1361篇 |
2009年 | 1222篇 |
2008年 | 1624篇 |
2007年 | 1362篇 |
2006年 | 1277篇 |
2005年 | 1065篇 |
2004年 | 1075篇 |
2003年 | 995篇 |
2002年 | 904篇 |
2001年 | 443篇 |
2000年 | 337篇 |
1999年 | 278篇 |
1998年 | 237篇 |
1997年 | 152篇 |
1996年 | 149篇 |
1995年 | 143篇 |
1994年 | 110篇 |
1993年 | 90篇 |
1992年 | 128篇 |
1991年 | 74篇 |
1990年 | 70篇 |
1989年 | 70篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 56篇 |
1986年 | 51篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 28篇 |
1982年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 14篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 13篇 |
1967年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
101.
Furukawa Toshiko; Koga Jinichiro; Adachi Takashi; Kishi Kunihei; Syono Kunihiko 《Plant & cell physiology》1996,37(7):899-905
In a study of various phytopathogenic fungi, we found that fungithat belong to the genus Rhizoctonia produce IAA efficientlyfrom tryptophan. R. solani Kühn MAFF-305219, in particular,produced large amounts of tryptophol (Tol), which was assumedto be a specific by-product of the indole-3-pyruvate (IPy) pathway,in addition to IAA. Therefore, this fungus seemed suitable foranalysis of the function and the regulation of the biosynthesisof auxin by a fungal pathogen. Under normal aerobic conditions,the ratio of IAA to Tol synthesized by this strain was higherthan that under less aerobic conditions. In metabolic studieswith various indole derivatives, R. solani converted L-tryptophanand indole-3-acetaldehyde to IAA and Tol, but other indole derivativeswere scarcely metabolized. These results suggest that both IAAand Tol are synthesized from tryptophan through the IPy pathwayin Rhizoctonia. (Received May 27, 1996; Accepted July 8, 1996) 相似文献
102.
Maruyama Akiko; Yoshiyama Makoto; Adachi Yasuhiro; Tani Akinobu; Hasegawa Ryo; Esashi Yohji 《Plant & cell physiology》1996,37(8):1054-1058
The effects of allyl, sulfur and cyanogenic compounds on thegermination of upper cocklebur (Xanthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.)seeds were examined. Mercaptoethanol and methylmercaptan aswell as KCN, substrates for rßcyanoalanine synthase(CAS), and H2S and thiocyanate, the products of the CAS catalyzingreaction, were effective in promoting germination, suggestingthe involvement of CAS in germination. Most of allyl compounds, especially allylthiourea, as well asethylene which activated CAS [Hasegawa et al. (1994) Physiol.Plant. 91: 141], promoted the germination in an abnormal typewhich occurred by the predominant growth of cotyledons as didC2H4 [Katoh and Esashi (1975) Plant Cell Physiol. 16: 687].However, they failed to activate CAS unlike ethylene, and toliberate free ethylene during an incubation period. It was thuspossible that an C2H4-like double bond within allyl compoundscan act to promote seed germination. (Received June 10, 1996; Accepted August 21, 1996) 相似文献
103.
Shuji Nakamura David W. Stock Karen L. Wydner Jacques A. Bollekens Kenichi Takeshita Brian M. Nagai Shigeru Chiba Toshio Kitamura Thomas M. Freeland Zhiyong Zhao Jun Minowada Jeanne B. Lawrence Kenneth M. Weiss Frank H. Ruddle 《Genomics》1996,38(3):314
We have cloned a new Dlx gene (Dlx7) from human and mouse that may represent the mammalian orthologue of the newt geneNvHBox-5.The homeodomains of these genes are highly similar to all other vertebrate Dlx genes, and regions of similarity also exist between mammalian Dlx7 and a subset of vertebrate Dlx genes downstream of the homeodomain. The sequence divergence between human and mouse Dlx7 in these regions is greater than that predicted from comparisons of other vertebrate Dlx genes, however, and there is little sequence similarity upstream of the homeodomain both between these two genes and with other Dlx genes. We present evidence for alternative splicing of mouseDlx7upstream of the homeodomain that may account for some of this divergence. We have mapped humanDLX7distal to the 5′ end of the HOXB cluster at an estimated distance of between 1 and 2 Mb by FISH. Both the human and the mouse Dlx7 are shown to be closely linked to Dlx3 in a convergently transcribed orientation. These mapping results support the possibility that vertebrate distal-less genes have been duplicated in concert with the Hox clusters. 相似文献
104.
Kazutoyo Osoegawa Rie Susukida Saishi Okano Jun Kudoh Shinsei Minoshima Nobuyoshi Shimizu Pieter J. de Jong Juergen Groet Jane Ives Hans Lehrach Dean Nizetic Eiichi Soeda 《Genomics》1996,32(3):375
The major phenotypic features of Down syndrome have been correlated with partial trisomies of chromosome 21, allowing us to define the candidate gene region to a 4-Mb segment on the 21q22.2 band. We present here a high-resolution physical map with megabase-sized cosmid/PAC contigs. This ordered clone library has provided unique material for the integration of a variety of mappable objects, including exons, cDNAs, restriction sites, etc. Furthermore, our results have exemplified a strategy for the completion of the chromosome 21 map to sequencing. 相似文献
105.
106.
人分裂细胞核抗原基因片段的筛选、测序及对启动子的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
经6.6×105个克隆筛选,从装在λ噬菌体载体Charon30中的人基因库中筛选到了一个含人分裂细胞核抗原(PCNA)基因的克隆。经Southern杂交分析插入基因长约14kb,有较长的5'上游区,但3'端缺少一部分。经亚克隆和测序已确定从5'上游1263bp到3'端与λ载体接点共4969bpPCNA基因片段的核苷酸序列。将PCNA基因启动子核苷酸序列与DNA聚合酶α,拓扑异构酶Ⅱα,胸苷酸激酶基因的启动子进行比较有30%以上同源性,具有“看家基因”特征。在转录起始点的5'上游几百bp的范围内都有与CAT,SP1,E2F,NFHB,Oct1和ATF等转录因子的结合位点相似的核苷酸序列。 相似文献
107.
控制大豆白花亲本籽粒脐色的基因有带R与r之分,带R基因的白花产本与紫花亲本杂交,F1代籽料出现蓝脐性状,其基因型为I-R-W1-tt。当控制脐色的基因有两对相差时(R、r;W1、w1)F2代籽粒脐色分离蓝脐与无色脐之比为9∶7。 相似文献
108.
Study of the cell cycle-dependent assembly of the DNA pre-replication centres in Xenopus egg extracts. 总被引:14,自引:5,他引:9 下载免费PDF全文
RPA is a cellular, three-subunit, single-stranded (ss) DNA binding protein, which assists T-antigen in the assembly of the pre-priming complex in the SV40 replication system. By immunodepletion and complementation, we have identified RPA as an essential factor for cellular DNA replication in Xenopus extracts. RPA assembles post-mitotically on the decondensing chromosomes into numerous subnuclear pre-replication centres (preRCs) which serve, upon formation of the nuclear membrane, as RCs for the initiation of DNA synthesis. By a variety of experiments including the use of isolated components, we demonstrate that an inactive cdc2-cyclin B kinase complex is essential to allow post-mitotic assembly of the preRCs. In contrast, the active cdk2-cyclin A kinase does not impede or facilitate the assembly of preRCs. Digestion analysis using the single-strand-specific P1 nuclease as well as competition experiments with ssDNA, reveal that replication-associated unwinding of the DNA, assisted by RPA, requires the formation of the nuclear membrane. The p21 cdk-interacting protein Cip1 appears to inhibit DNA replication prior to the unwinding DNA step, but after assembly of preRC and nuclear reconstruction. 相似文献
109.
For characterizing in vivo functions of a mammalian protein, it is informative to obtain conditional mutations and apply them to the mouse genetic system. However, the isolation of conditional mutations has been quite difficult in cultured cells. We report here that functional expression of a heterologous mammalian gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a system for isolating mutated genes. We found that the cloned mouse TOP2 alpha cDNA, which encodes mouse DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) alpha, could rescue the lethal phenotype caused by yeast top2 null mutation. In order to generate and select temperature-sensitive mouse topo II alpha, an expression plasmid was mutagenized in vitro and was transformed, using the plasmid shuffling method, into the yeast strain, in which the endogenous TOP2 gene had been disrupted. We observed that one of such clone of yeast cells harboring a mutagenized mouse TOP2 alpha showed temperature-sensitive growth. Enzymatic assays and sequencing analysis revealed that this phenotype was caused by the thermosensitive nature of the mutant mouse protein, which has isoleucine at amino acid 961 instead of threonine. Therefore we have isolated the first conditional mutation in the mouse TOP2 alpha. 相似文献
110.
Growth requirements of hyperthermophilic sulfur-dependent heterotrophic archaea isolated from a shallow submarine geothermal system with reference to their essential amino acids. 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7 下载免费PDF全文
T Hoaki M Nishijima M Kato K Adachi S Mizobuchi N Hanzawa T Maruyama 《Applied microbiology》1994,60(8):2898-2904
Three hyperthermophilic sulfur-dependent heterotrophs were isolated from a shallow submarine hydrothermal system at an inlet of Kodakara-jima island, Kagoshima, Japan. The isolates grew at 60 to 97 degrees C, with the optimum temperatures at 85 to 90 degrees C. Sensitivity to rifampin and the existence of ether lipids indicated that the isolates are hyperthermophilic archaea. Partial sequencing of the genes coding for 16S rRNA showed that the three isolates are closely related to the genus Thermococcus. They grew on proteinaceous mixtures, such as yeast extract, Casamino Acids, and purified proteins (e.g., casein and gelatin), but not on carbohydrates or organic acids as sole carbon and energy sources. Nine amino acids were essential for growth of isolate KS-1 (Thr, Leu, Ile, Val, Met, Phe, His, Tyr, and Arg). Isolate KS-2 required Lys in addition to the nine amino acids, and KS-8 required Lys instead of Tyr. In comparative studies, it was shown that Thermococcus celer DSM 2476 required 10 amino acids (Thr, Leu, Ile, Val, Met, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Lys, and Arg) while Pyrococcus furiosus DSM 3638 required only Ile and Val. The hyperthermophilic fermentative eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana DSM 4359 did not require any amino acids for growth. 相似文献