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991.
Bernadette Basuta Mirembe Angella Musewa Daniel Kadobera Esther Kisaakye Doreen Birungi Daniel Eurien Luke Nyakarahuka Stephen Balinandi Alex Tumusiime Jackson Kyondo Sophia Mbula Mulei Jimmy Baluku Benon Kwesiga Steven Ndugwa Kabwama Bao-Ping Zhu Julie R. Harris Julius Julian Lutwama Alex Riolexus Ario 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2021,15(3)
IntroductionCrimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne, zoonotic viral disease that causes haemorrhagic symptoms. Despite having eight confirmed outbreaks between 2013 and 2017, all within Uganda’s ‘cattle corridor’, no targeted tick control programs exist in Uganda to prevent disease. During a seven-month-period from July 2018-January 2019, the Ministry of Health confirmed multiple independent CCHF outbreaks. We investigated to identify risk factors and recommend interventions to prevent future outbreaks.MethodsWe defined a confirmed case as sudden onset of fever (≥37.5°C) with ≥4 of the following signs and symptoms: anorexia, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, abdominal pain, joint pain, or sudden unexplained bleeding in a resident of the affected districts who tested positive for Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFv) by RT-PCR from 1 July 2018–30 January 2019. We reviewed medical records and performed active case-finding. We conducted a case-control study and compared exposures of case-patients with age-, sex-, and sub-county-matched control-persons (1:4).ResultsWe identified 14 confirmed cases (64% males) with five deaths (case-fatality rate: 36%) from 11 districts in western and central region. Of these, eight (73%) case-patients resided in Uganda’s ‘cattle corridor’. One outbreak involved two case-patients and the remainder involved one. All case-patients had fever and 93% had unexplained bleeding. Case-patients were aged 6–36 years, with persons aged 20–44 years more affected (AR: 7.2/1,000,000) than persons ≤19 years (2.0/1,000,000), p = 0.015. Most (93%) case-patients had contact with livestock ≤2 weeks before symptom onset. Twelve (86%) lived <1 km from grazing fields compared with 27 (48%) controls (ORM-H = 18, 95% CI = 3.2-∞) and 10 (71%) of 14 case-patients found ticks attached to their bodies ≤2 weeks before symptom onset, compared to 15 (27%) of 56 control-persons (ORM-H = 9.3, 95%CI = 1.9–46).ConclusionsCCHF outbreaks occurred sporadically during 2018–2019, both within and outside ‘cattle corridor’ districts of Uganda. Most cases were associated with tick exposure. The Ministry of Health should partner with the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries to develop joint nationwide tick control programs and strategies with shared responsibilities through a One Health approach. 相似文献
992.
Julius Popp Piotr Lewczuk Heike Kölsch Sabrina Meichsner Wolfgang Maier Johannes Kornhuber Frank Jessen Dieter Lütjohann 《Journal of neurochemistry》2012,123(2):310-316
Disturbances of the cholesterol metabolism are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and related cerebral pathology. Experimental studies found changing levels of cholesterol and its metabolites 24S‐hydroxycholesterol (24S‐OHC) and 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27‐OHC) to contribute to amyloidogenesis by increasing the production of soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the CSF and circulating cholesterol 24S‐OHC and 27‐OHC, and the sAPP production as measured by CSF concentrations of sAPP forms in humans. The plasma and the CSF concentrations of cholesterol, 24S‐OHC and 27‐OHC, and the CSF concentrations of sAPPα, sAPPβ, and Aß1‐42 were assessed in subjects with AD and controls with normal cognition. In multivariate regression tests including age, gender, albumin ratio, and apolipoprotein E (APOE)ε4 status CSF cholesterol, 24S‐OHC, and 27‐OHC independently predicted the concentrations of sAPPα and sAPPβ. The associations remained significant when analyses were separately performed in the AD group. Furthermore, plasma 27‐OHC concentrations were associated with the CSF sAPP levels. The results suggest that high CSF concentrations of cholesterol, 24S‐OHC, and 27‐OHC are associated with increased production of both sAPP forms in AD. 相似文献
993.
Adrian Elter Jan P. Bogen Steffen C. Hinz David Fiebig Arturo Macarrón Palacios Julius Grzeschik Björn Hock Harald Kolmar 《Biotechnology journal》2021,16(3):2000231
Generation of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies by immunization of chickens is a valuable strategy, particularly for obtaining antibodies directed against epitopes that are conserved in mammals. A generic procedure is established for the humanization of chicken-derived antibodies. To this end, high-affinity binders of the epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain are isolated from immunized chickens using yeast surface display. Complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of two high-affinity binders are grafted onto a human acceptor framework. Simultaneously, Vernier zone residues, responsible for spatial CDR arrangement, are partially randomized. A yeast surface display library comprising ≈300 000 variants is screened for high-affinity binders in the scFv and Fab formats. Next-generation sequencing discloses humanized antibody variants with restored affinity and improved protein characteristics compared to the parental chicken antibodies. Furthermore, the sequencing data give new insights into the importance of antibody format, used during the humanization process. Starting from the antibody repertoire of immunized chickens, this work features an effective and fast high-throughput approach for the generation of multiple humanized antibodies with potential therapeutic relevance. 相似文献
994.
Claudia Masini d’Avila-Levy Carolina Boucinha Alexei Kostygov Helena Lúcia Carneiro Santos Karina Alessandra Morelli Anastasiia Grybchuk-Ieremenko Linda Duval Jan Votypka Vyacheslav Yurchenko Philippe Grellier Julius Luke? 《Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz》2015,110(8):956-965
The class Kinetoplastea encompasses both free-living and parasitic species from a
wide range of hosts. Several representatives of this group are responsible for severe
human diseases and for economic losses in agriculture and livestock. While this group
encompasses over 30 genera, most of the available information has been derived from
the vertebrate pathogenic genera Leishmaniaand
Trypanosoma. Recent studies of the previously neglected groups of
Kinetoplastea indicated that the actual diversity is much higher than previously
thought. This article discusses the known segment of kinetoplastid diversity and how
gene-directed Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing methods can help to
deepen our knowledge of these interesting protists. 相似文献
995.
Julius M. Elias 《Biotechnic & histochemistry》1969,44(4):201-204
Methyl green GA (Chroma) and pyronin GS (Chroma) were used. Procedure recommended: Stain for 1 hr at 37 C in a purified 0.5% aqueous methyl green, buffered to pH 4.1 with Walpoles acetate buffer, and containing 0.2% pyronin; rinse for 1-2 sec in ice-cold distilled water; blot sections evenly, and rinse with vigorous agitation in t-butanol; dehydrate in 2 changes of t-butanol for 5 min each; clear in xylene and mount. This technique results in a consistent staining pattern for qualitative nucleic acid differentiation, whereas older methods have been only partly satisfactory. Rinsing in ice-cold water is a critical step; t-butanol was superior to n-butanol and to ethanol-butanol mixtures for dehydration. Staining at 25-27 C is feasible hut less effective. 相似文献
996.
997.
The capacity of purified γG1 and γG2 anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibodies to exert antigen-specific feedback regulations on the primary in vitro immune response to SRBC was studied. Antibodies were administered to the culture in the native form, as sheep erythrocyte-antibody complexes or as pepsin-derived F(ab′)2 antibody fragments. Marked differences in the feedback regulatory effects of γG1 and γG2 antibodies were found. Antibodies of the γG1 class suppressed the immune response to SRBC, whereas γG2 antibodies isolated from the same serum exerted an augmenting effect on antibody synthesis. These opposing feedback effects on in vitro antibody synthesis were immunologically specific, relatively insensitive to changes in antigen concentrations, and could be elicited by either adding antibodies and antigen separately to the culture or as preformed antigen-antibody complexes. Experiments comparing the activities of the F(ab′)2 antibody fragments with the parent γG1 and γG2 antibodies suggested that the Fc fragments may be involved in these regulatory effects on the immune response. It is concluded that the antigen-specific suppressive and augmenting effects on antibody synthesis shown here are determined by the antibody class. In addition, we suggest that these opposing antibody-mediated feedback effects may represent one of the important elements of the immune response. 相似文献
998.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that arachin-P6 contained nine types of subunits. The subunits were designated K15 (15, 069), K17 (17, 334), K20 (20, 000), K22 (21, 750), K24 (23, 557), K29 (29, 019), K37 (37, 161), K41 (41, 326) and K43 (43, 104) and molecular weight of each is given in parenthesis following its name. This observation was qualitatively comparable to the results of electrophoretic analysis of arachin-P6 conducted in the presence of urea. 相似文献
999.
U Julius M Weck W Leonhardt H Schneider K Schollberg 《Biulleten' eksperimental'no? biologii i meditsiny》1983,96(12):35-37
Adipose tissue biopsy and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (50 g) were performed in 17 non-hyperlipoproteinemic subjects without overt diabetes mellitus. All the persons were weight stable at the time of investigation. A significant correlation between fasting insulin concentration and the mean adipocyte size was observed, whereas no correlation was noted between the ideal body weight index and fasting insulin level. Persons with larger adipocytes had elevated insulin levels as well as higher and longer lasting increments following the glucose challenge. They also exhibited significantly higher mean glucose levels during the OGTT. When these patients were matched for glucose tolerance with the subgroup having smaller mean adipocyte sizes, the difference in insulin levels was still demonstrable. The importance of adipose cell enlargement regulating basal and stimulated insulin output is underlined. 相似文献
1000.
The complexity and requirements of web applications are increasing in order to meet more sophisticated business models (web
services and cloud computing, for instance). For this reason, characteristics such as performance, scalability and security
are addressed in web server cluster design. Due to the rising energy costs and also to environmental concerns, energy consumption
in this type of system has become a main issue. This paper shows energy consumption reduction techniques that use a load forecasting
method, combined with DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) and dynamic configuration techniques (turning servers on
and off), in a soft real-time web server clustered environment. Our system promotes energy consumption reduction while maintaining
user’s satisfaction with respect to request deadlines being met. The results obtained show that prediction capabilities increase
the QoS (Quality of Service) of the system, while maintaining or improving the energy savings over state-of-the-art power
management mechanisms. To validate this predictive policy, a web application running a real workload profile was deployed
in an Apache server cluster testbed running Linux. 相似文献