Immunohistopathological studies of blastomycosis: the use of labeled specific antigens in a hamster model of disease

We applied a modified immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase method, utilizing labeled Blastomyces dermatitidis antigens, to look for specific antibody-bearing B/ plasma cells in the tissue infiltrates of blastomycosis lesions induced in hamsters. No specific anti-blastomyces antibodies were detectable by this method, although such antibodies were present in blood samples as demonstrated by routine immunodiffusion techniques. These studies suggest that humoral immune reactions do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of lesions of blastomycosis in hamsters.     

PROLIFERATION KINETICS OF THE MOUSE BLADDER AFTER IRRADIATION

The proliferative response of the mouse bladder was investigated, using continuous labelling with tritiated thymidine, at various times after a single dose of radiation. Bladder epithelial and vascular endothelial cells were studied. The cell turnover rate in unirradiated epithelium and endothelium was found to be extremely slow (in excess of 1 year). Irradiation with a single dose of 25 Gy resulted in compensatory proliferation of the epithelium but the response was not initiated for many months. At 3 months after irradiation there was little difference from the control proliferation rate, but from 6 to 22 months after irradiation (the end of the study) there was a period of sustained rapid proliferation with the cell turnover time reduced to approximately 1 week. The increase in proliferative activity observed at 22 months was found to be dose—dependent. Endothelial cells in the blood vessels of the submucosa also showed an increased turnover rate after irradiation and the timing of this reponse was found to be similar to that of the epithelium. The onset of compensatory proliferation in both cell types was found to coincide with marked histological and functional changes in the bladder. In this slowly proliferating tissue, the onset of rapid compensatory proliferation after irradiation is delayed and occurs at the time that functional impairment is observed. This supports the postulate that proliferation is unlikely to contribute much to the sparing effect of prolonged fractionated radiotherapy in slowly dividing tissues.     

Sensitivity of yeasts to lithium

A wide range of tolerance to Li⁺ has been found among 12 different yeasts. Concentrations that do not allow long-term growth also arrest growth of an actively growing culture within 2–5 h. At the same concentrations protein and RNA synthesis are inhibited with little or no lag period (<50 min) but respiration is not affected at these concentrations. Lower concentrations that do not inhibit growth, may impair sporulation. For given extracellular conditions, intracellular Li⁺ concentrations are lower in the more tolerant yeast strains.     

Étudein vitro en microcinématographie des réactions cellulaires d'invertébrés vis-a-vis d'agents bactériens et cryptogamiques

Le déroulement de divers types de phagocytoses, et de la formation de granulomes hémocytaires a été analysé en détail en utilisant la microcinématographie image par image. Ces réactions de défense ont été reproduitesin vitro sur les systèmes hémocytaires des mollusquesHelix etZonites, et ont permis de montrer pour les bactéries (Streptococcus) les différents stades de l'englobement direct et rapide des corps bactériens, ainsi que les mouvements orientés des pseudopodes accompagnés de déplacements des cellules qui aboutissent à l'incorporation des germes. Il a été observé que des hémocytes parviennent à phagocyter même des filaments myceliens de taille importante (Metarrhizium) par un processus lent consistant en la fixation progressive de la cellule qui plie le mycelium. Enfin, toute l'évolution de la formation des granulomes multicellulaires a été suivie d'une manière ininterrompue, notamment l'attraction des premières cellules, l'afflux et la superposition de plus en plus serrée d'hémocytes en nombre croissant, jusqu'à l'arrêt de l'évolution de cette réaction. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l'acquisition par les cellules groupées autour du champignon d'une attraction nette sur d'autres hémocytes, déclenchant de leur part une réaction d'adhésion. Ils montrent enfin que l'association de la reproductionin vitro des réactions cellulaires avec la technique microcinématographique est un principe d'étude particulièrement intéressant pour suivre la dynamique des réactions de défense à l'échelle cellulaire, et l'action de substances chimiques ou d'influences microbiennes sur ces processus.     

Optimization of the method of progressive hypercapnia by determination of the sensitivity threshold

Ventilatory response to CO2 rebreathing is a method which allows to evaluate the reactivity of chemoreceptors. However this method doesn't study the sensibility threshold, i.e. the Pe.t.CO2 value for which the ventilatory response appears clearly. This sensibility threshold was measured in 10 healthy subjects by rebreathing a gas mixture: 7% CO2 and 50% O2 to avoid hypoxy. It was defined as the value of Pe.t.CO2 for which the ventilation was above the tidal ventilation + 2 standard deviations. The sensibility threshold (51 +/- 4.35 mm Hg) was independent of the reactivity slope represented by the slope of the linear relation between minute ventilation (VE) and Pe.t.CO2 (1.34 +/- 0.60 l/min/mm Hg/m2) and consequently appears as an interesting parameter in order to evaluate the ventilatory response to CO2 by rebreathing.     

La léthargie,nouvelle virose des larves deMelolontha melolontha L. (Coléoptèrescarabaeidae)

Summary In larvae ofMelolontha melolontha L. [Coleoptera] an infectious disease has been observed. It is produced by a virus and characterised by a prolonged lethargic state accompanied by cytoplasmic lesions of the fat body.