收费全文 | 2623篇 |
免费 | 148篇 |
2024年 | 5篇 |
2023年 | 16篇 |
2022年 | 46篇 |
2021年 | 76篇 |
2020年 | 63篇 |
2019年 | 56篇 |
2018年 | 93篇 |
2017年 | 75篇 |
2016年 | 112篇 |
2015年 | 163篇 |
2014年 | 175篇 |
2013年 | 191篇 |
2012年 | 210篇 |
2011年 | 220篇 |
2010年 | 154篇 |
2009年 | 115篇 |
2008年 | 130篇 |
2007年 | 112篇 |
2006年 | 113篇 |
2005年 | 96篇 |
2004年 | 67篇 |
2003年 | 80篇 |
2002年 | 55篇 |
2001年 | 28篇 |
2000年 | 23篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 17篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 10篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1970年 | 9篇 |
1969年 | 9篇 |
1968年 | 10篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
Background
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are life-threatening emergencies. Identification of the common pathogens and their susceptibility patterns is necessary for timely empirical intervention.Methods
We conducted a 4-year retrospective analysis of blood cultures from all patients excluding neonates at the Korle-Bu Teaching hospital, Ghana, from January 2010 through December 2013. Laboratory report data were used to determine BSI, blood culture contamination, pathogen profile, and antimicrobial resistance patterns.Results
Overall, 3633 (23.16 %) out of 15,683 blood cultures were positive for various organisms. Pathogen-positive cultures accounted for 1451 (9.3 %, 95 % CI 8.5–9.8 %). Infants recorded the highest true blood culture positivity (20.9 %, n = 226/1083), followed by the elderly (13.3 %, n = 80/601), children (8.9 %, n = 708/8000) and adults (7.2 %, n = 437/6000) (p = 0.001 for Marascuilo’s post hoc). Overall occurrence of BSI declined with increasing age-group (p = 0.001) but the type of isolates did not vary with age except for Citrobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella, and Enterococcus species. Gram negative bacteria predominated in our study (59.8 %, n = 867/1451), but the commonest bacterial isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (21.9 %, n = 318/1451)—and this trend run through the various age-groups. From 2010 to 2013, we observed a significant trend of yearly increase in the frequency of BSI caused by cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteria (Chi square for trend, p = 0.001). Meropenem maintained high susceptibility among all Gram-negative organisms ranging from 96 to 100 %. Among Staphylococcus aureus, susceptibility to cloxacillin was 76.6 %.Conclusion
Our study shows a significantly high blood culture positivity in infants as compared to children, adults and the elderly. There was a preponderance of S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria across all age-groups. Meropenem was the most active antibiotic for Gram-negative bacteria. Cloxacillin remains a very useful anti-staphylococcal agent.Flubendiamide is a highly toxic and persistent insecticide that causes loss of insect muscle functions leading to paralysis and death. The objective was to screen for filamentous fungi in soils where insecticides had been applied, to isolate entomopathogenic fungi from insect larva (Anticarsia gemmatalis) that infest soybean crops, and to use these in biodegradation of insecticides.
MethodFilamentous fungi were isolated from soils, and growth inhibition was evaluated on solid medium containing commercial insecticides, Belt® (flubendiamide) and Actara® (thiamethoxam). A total of 133 fungi were isolated from soil and 80 entomopathogenic fungi from insect larva. Based on growth inhibition tests, ten soil fungi, 2 entomopathogenic fungi, and Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 (reference standard) were selected for growth on commercial insecticides in solid media. Fungi were grown in submerged fermentation on media containing commercial insecticides and assayed for laccase activity.
ResultIsolates JUSOLCL039 (soil), JUANT070 (insect), and MAMB-05 performed best, and were respectively inhibited by 48.41%, 75.97%, and 79.23% when cultivated on 35 g/L Actara®, and 0.0, 5.42%, and 43.39% on 39.04 g/L Belt®. JUSOLCL039 and JUANT070 were molecularly identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis and Neurospora sp., respectively. The three fungal isolates produced laccase constitutively, albeit at low activities. Fungal growth on pure flubendiamide and thiamethoxam resulted in only thiamethoxam inducing high laccase titers (10.16 U/mL) by JUANT070. Neurospora sp. and B. rhodina degraded flubendiamide by 27.4% and 9.5% in vivo, while a crude laccase from B. rhodina degraded flubendiamide by 20.2% in vitro.
ConclusionThis is the first report of fungi capable of degrading flubendiamide, which have applications in bioremediation.
相似文献