山西历山国家级自然保护区蜘蛛名录

在经过多年野外调查、采集、室内显微鉴定的基础上,本课题组将采自山西历山国家级自然保护区已定名的蜘蛛种类名录整理于下,共包括18科45属71种,其中包括2个大陆新记录种,1个山西新纪录科,9个山西新纪录属,26个山西新记录种.     

Directional and balancing selection in human beta-defensins

Background  

In primates, infection is an important force driving gene evolution, and this is reflected in the importance of infectious disease in human morbidity today. The beta-defensins are key components of the innate immune system, with antimicrobial and cell signalling roles, but also reproductive functions. Here we examine evolution of beta-defensins in catarrhine primates and variation within different human populations.     

High-precision, whole-genome sequencing of laboratory strains facilitates genetic studies

Whole-genome sequencing is a powerful technique for obtaining the reference sequence information of multiple organisms. Its use can be dramatically expanded to rapidly identify genomic variations, which can be linked with phenotypes to obtain biological insights. We explored these potential applications using the emerging next-generation sequencing platform Solexa Genome Analyzer, and the well-characterized model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Combining sequencing with experimental verification, we first improved the accuracy of the published sequence of the B. subtilis reference strain 168, then obtained sequences of multiple related laboratory strains and different isolates of each strain. This provides a framework for comparing the divergence between different laboratory strains and between their individual isolates. We also demonstrated the power of Solexa sequencing by using its results to predict a defect in the citrate signal transduction pathway of a common laboratory strain, which we verified experimentally. Finally, we examined the molecular nature of spontaneously generated mutations that suppress the growth defect caused by deletion of the stringent response mediator relA. Using whole-genome sequencing, we rapidly mapped these suppressor mutations to two small homologs of relA. Interestingly, stable suppressor strains had mutations in both genes, with each mutation alone partially relieving the relA growth defect. This supports an intriguing three-locus interaction module that is not easily identifiable through traditional suppressor mapping. We conclude that whole-genome sequencing can drastically accelerate the identification of suppressor mutations and complex genetic interactions, and it can be applied as a standard tool to investigate the genetic traits of model organisms.     

Providencia rettgeri strain HNR菌株羟胺氧化酶超声波法提取的研究

为了更有效和便捷的提取菌株脱氮过程中的关键酶,本文利用超声波破碎法对异养脱氮菌Providencia rettgeri strain HNR进行破碎,通过单因素实验及正交试验,确定出最佳破碎条件,便于后续试验。实验结果表明:最佳超声破碎条件为菌液OD_(600)为1.996,工作次数为70次,工作/间歇为5/5s功率为400W的组合为最佳工作条件。在此工作条件下破碎后得到的酶粗提液对羟胺有降解,得到羟胺氧化酶。     

提示线索位置影响斜线任务中Flanker与Simon冲突间的交互作用

目的：本文探讨Flanker与Simon冲突间的交互作用,以及提示线索位置对其的影响。方法：实验通过将Flanker与Simon两种冲突融合于同一范式,采用斜线任务提高冲突难度,设计上下、左右和斜线三种位置提示线索,并根据其类型的不同将被试分为三组。统计分析冲突下的正确率与反应时数据,用重复测量方差分析得出两种冲突的交互作用,以及不同位置线索对其的影响。结果：总的来说,Flanker冲突和Simon冲突在反应时和正确率上都有显著效应。从正确率来看,上下位置线索时,Flanker和Simon冲突之间的交互作用显著;左右位置线索时交互作用不显著;而斜线位置线索时交互作用边缘显著。从反应时来看,对于三种位置线索,两种冲突间的交互作用都不显著。结论：融合在同一任务中的Flanker冲突与Simon冲突之间是否存在交互作用与提示线索的位置有关。     

基于In-Cell Western对Ryanodine受体2检测方法的建立

In-Cell Western技术是基于近红外激光成像系统而开发的检测技术,可应用于大分子ryanodine受体2（RyR2）蛋白的检测。本研究通过对In-Cell Western固定剂的选择、细胞通透化、封闭液的选择、抗体工作浓度和心肌细胞密度等方面进行优化,建立心肌细胞RyR2蛋白检测的In-Cell Western方法,并分别用SGF和Verapamil以及免疫细胞化学技术对研究结果及方法进行了验证。优化后的In-Cell Western参数：H9C2细胞的种板密度选择1×104个/孔,选择甲醛作为固定剂,细胞经过Triton X-100洗脱液通透化处理,选择酪蛋白作为封闭液,选择1∶500稀释的RyR2一抗工作浓度。应用优化的参数检测心肌细胞RyR2蛋白,并用前期已被证明能显著提高心肌细胞RyR2蛋白荧光值的土茯苓黄酮和Verapamil进行验证,同时与免疫组化方法检测心肌细胞RyR2蛋白相比,检测结果一致。表明本文建立的In Cell Western方法检测大分子功能蛋白RyR2是可行的。     

安吉小鲵种群数量和数量动态的研究

本文对分布于浙江省安吉县龙王山自然保护区的安吉小鲵（ Ｈｙｎｏｂｉｕｓａｍｊｉｅｎｓｉｓ） 的种群数量进行了调查和分析, 安吉小鲵分布区狭窄, 种群数量小, 由于环境变化, 处于濒危状态, 应加以保护。     

The Detection of Inhibitors of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Extracellular Proteinases in Sunflower

Abstract: Water-soluble protein fractions from leaves, seeds and heads of sunflower were shown to contain inhibitors of trypsin, chymotrypsin and extracellular proteinases from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum , a pathogen of sunflower, and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. These included bifunctional inhibitors of trypsin and subtilisin. Comparison with the patterns of inhibition of standard proteinases indicated that the major extracellular proteinases of S. sclerotiorum are subtilisin-like. It is speculated that the sunflower inhibitors play a role in conferring resistance to fungal infection.     

Injectable Polysaccharide Microcapsules for Prolonged Release of Minocycline for the Treatment of Periodontitis

Injectable polysaccharide microcapsules holding minocycline were fabricated from alginate and chitosan for the treatment of periodontitis. The microcapsules were examined for the release and degradation of minocycline, as well as antimicrobial activity. The microcapsules were biodegradable and released minocycline between 10 and 1000 μg ml⁻¹, which was higher than the usual therapeutic concentration (1–5 μg ml⁻¹), for up to 7 days. These microcapsules showed a statistically significant suppression of pathogenic bacteria, such as Prevotella intermedia causing periodontitis. The microcapsules are thus potentially useful for drug delivery for the treatment of periodontitis.     

Src family protein-tyrosine kinases alter the function of PTEN to regulate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT cascades

Src family protein-tyrosine kinases, which play an important role in signal integration, have been implicated in tumorigenesis in multiple lineages, including breast cancer. We demonstrate, herein, that Src kinases regulate the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling cascade via altering the function of the PTEN tumor suppressor. Overexpression of activated Src protein-tyrosine kinases in PTEN-deficient breast cancer cells does not alter AKT phosphorylation, an indicator of signal transduction through the PI3K pathway. However, in the presence of functional PTEN, Src reverses the activity of PTEN, resulting in an increase in AKT phosphorylation. Activated Src reduces the ability of PTEN to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositols in micelles and promotes AKT translocation to cellular plasma membranes but does not alter PTEN activity toward water-soluble phosphatidylinositols. Thus, Src may alter the capacity of the PTEN C2 domain to bind cellular membranes rather than directly interfering with PTEN enzymatic activity. Tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN is increased in breast cancer cells treated with pervanadate, suggesting that PTEN contains sites for tyrosine phosphorylation. Src kinase inhibitors markedly decreased pervanadate-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN. Further, expression of activated Src results in marked tyrosine phosphorylation of PTEN. SHP-1, a SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase, selectively binds and dephosphorylates PTEN in Src transfected cells. Both Src inhibitors and SHP-1 overexpression reverse Src-induced loss of PTEN function. Coexpression of PTEN with activated Src reduces the stability of PTEN. Taken together, the data indicate that activated Src inhibits PTEN function leading to alterations in signaling through the PI3K/AKT pathway.