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11.
Multiple T and B cell epitopes in the S1 subunit ("A"-monomer) of the pertussis toxin molecule 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
J R Oksenberg C Ko A K Judd M Lim A Kent G K Schoolnik L Steinman 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1989,143(12):4227-4231
The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Bordetella pertussis vaccine are mediated in part by the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (PT). To identify the immune epitopes in the S1 subunit of PT, synthetic peptides were prepared and tested for their capacity to induce antibodies in mice with different MHC genotypes. In BALB/c mice, peptides corresponding to sequences 1-17, 70-82 and 189-199 generate T cell proliferative responses, induce the production of antibodies capable of neutralization of the toxin in the Chinese hamster ovary-cell assay, and protect mice from a shock-like syndrome caused by alternate injections of BSA and PT. Protection and neutralization correlated with the ability of these peptides to elicit high anti-PT titers. Different B cell epitopes were detected in other inbred mouse strains. The antibody reactivity against synthetic peptides from two infants vaccinated with pertussis vaccine was tested. These infants had antibodies reactive to a variety of epitopes in the S1 subunit, including peptides 1-17, 70-82, 99-112, 135-145, and 189-199. Thus, it appears that there are multiple T and B cell epitopes in the S1 subunit of PT. 相似文献
12.
M protein (M1) of influenza virus: antigenic analysis and intracellular localization with monoclonal antibodies. 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
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D Bucher S Popple M Baer A Mikhail Y F Gong C Whitaker E Paoletti A Judd 《Journal of virology》1989,63(9):3622-3633
A panel of 16 monoclonal antibodies recognizing M protein (M1) of influenza virus was generated. Competition analyses resulted in localization of 14 monoclonal antibodies to three antigenic sites. Three monoclonal antibodies localized to site 1B recognized a peptide synthesized to M1 (residues 220 to 236) with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers equivalent to or greater than that seen with purified M1; therefore, site 1B is located near the C terminus of M1. Sites 2 and 3 localize to the N-terminal half of M1. Antigenic variation of M proteins was seen when the monoclonal antibodies were tested against 14 strains of type A influenza viruses. Several monoclonal antibodies showed specific recognition of A/PR/8/34 and A/USSR/90/77 M proteins and little or no reactivity for all other strains tested. Immunofluorescence analysis with the monoclonal antibodies showed migration of M protein to the nucleus during the replicative cycle and demonstrated association of M protein with actin filaments in the cytoplasm. Use of a vaccinia virus recombinant containing the M-protein gene demonstrated migration of M protein to the nucleus in the absence of synthesis of gene products from other influenza virus RNA segments. 相似文献
13.
Potassium-Induced Stimulation of Glutamate Uptake in Mouse Cerebral Astrocytes: The Role of Intracellular pH 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael G. Judd Tavarekere N. Nagaraja Neville Brookes 《Journal of neurochemistry》1996,66(1):169-176
Abstract: The Na+-glutamate cotransporters are believed to countertransport OH? and K+. Previous evidence that the velocity of glutamate uptake can exceed the acid extrusion capacity of astrocytes raised the question of whether intracellular pH can become rate limiting for glutamate uptake. Cytoplasmic buffering capacity and acid extrusion in astrocytes are partially HCO3? dependent. Also, it was reported recently that raising extracellular [K+] alkalinizes astrocyte cytoplasm by an HCO3?-dependent mechanism. Here, we have compared glutamate uptake in HCO3?-buffered and HCO3?-depleted solutions at varying [K+]. We observed a pronounced stimulation of glutamate uptake by extracellular K+ (3–24 mM) that was substantially HCO3? dependent and affected preferentially the uptake of high concentrations (>25 µM) of glutamate. Stimulation of uptake by low extracellular [K+] (1.5–3 mM) was less dependent on HCO3?. Potassium-induced stimulation of uptake was weaker in rat astrocyte cultures than in mouse. The effects of Ba2+ and amiloride on glutamate uptake, as well as the HCO3?-dependent stimulatory effects of K+ and the species difference, all related consistently to effects on intracellular pH. The effects on uptake, however, were much larger than predicted by the associated changes in electrochemical gradient of OH?. A “bimodal” scheme for glutamate transport can account qualitatively for the observed correlation between intracellular pH and velocity of glutamate uptake. 相似文献
14.
Aldo Ferretti Vincent P. Flanagan Joseph T. Judd Padmanabhan P. Nair Philip R. Taylor 《The Journal of nutritional biochemistry》1993,4(12)
Dietary supplementation with a fish oil concentrate (FOC) reduced the endogenous synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2), as measured by the excretion of its major urinary catabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1α (PGI2-M). Thirty-four healthy men (24–57 years old) were given controlled diets and supplements that provided 40% of the energy from fat and a minimum of 22 mg/d of α-tocopherol for two consecutive experimental periods of 10 weeks each. During the experimental periods, the men received capsules containing 15 g/d of a placebo oil (PO) (period 1) or 15 g/d of the FOC (period 2). In addition to the PO or FOC, capsules contained 1 mg of α-tocopherol per g of fat as an antioxidant. The average daily excretion of PGI2-M during the last week of FOC supplementation (period 2) was 22% less (P = 0.0001) than at the end of the first period. These results are at variance with those reported in comparable human studies conducted by other investigators during the middle and late 1980s. A 20% reduction (P = 0.003) in the 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 to 2,3-dinor-6-oxo-PGF1α excretion ratio at the end of period 2 in this study demonstrates that a shift of the n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio from 12.5 to 2.3 brings about a substantial modulation of the eicosanoid system. 相似文献
15.
16.
Miconia howardiana, which is known only from a diverse moist montane forest in the vicinity of Loma Trocha de Pey (or “Monteada Nueva”), the
easternmost peak of the Sierra de Baoruco, is described and illustrated. It is compared to phenetically similar (and probably
phylogenetically related) species of theMiconia favosa complex, i.e.,M. favosa, M. xenotricha, M. campanensis M. Sintenisii, M. foveolata, andM. pycnoneura. The species of this complex are characterized by bullate leaves with frequently cordate bases and often six secondary veins.
Most species also have large berries and flowers, 5-locular ovaries, large inflorescence bracts and bracteoles, and more or
less dendritic multicellular hairs. 相似文献
17.
Marc Rodriguez Renae Crosby Krystal Alligood Tona Gilmer Judd Berman 《Letters in Peptide Science》1995,2(1):1-6
Summary This paper describes the synthesis of phosphorylated peptides of the general structural Ac-Tyr(PO3H2)-Glu-Xaa_NH2, where Xaa represents a hydrophobic -amino acid of d-configuration. These peptides displayed activities in the micromolar range in inhibiting src-SH2 domain/epidermal growth factor receptor interactions. 相似文献
18.
Using various three-dimensional traps alone and in combination with the onion volatile, dipropyl-disulphide (Pr2S2), we found that visual behaviour of female onion flies, Delia antiqua (Meigen), varied with the visual context (background composition and trap spacing) in which traps were presented and the females' reproductive state (mated vs. unmated). Against a background of real onions, females alighted more frequently on spherical than cylindrical traps, and white than green spheres, but females responded equally to white and green cylinders. In an onion field, baiting traps with Pr2S2 significantly increased female response to white over green traps, but had no influence on their response to trap shape. When traps were spaced 10 m apart and against a background of bare soil, females orienting to Pr2S2 baits alighted more frequently on vertical than horizontal traps, but shape and spectral reflectance were insignificant. However, when traps were spaced 0.25 m apart, females orienting to Pr2S2 baits alighted more frequently on cylinders than spheres. Mated females alighted more frequently on green than white cylinders, but unmated females responded to cylinders independent of spectral reflectance. When located 20 m downwind from Pr2S2 baits, mated females alighted on green cylinders significantly more often than unmated females. Response to traps mimicking onion plants suggests that ovipositional host-finding in female onion flies is dominated by olfactory responses at long range (several metres) and by visual cues at short-range (ca. 1 m). The view that host location by female onion flies is a hierarchical response pattern mediated by multiple sensory modalities and modified by resource level (habitat) and reproductive status, is discussed. 相似文献
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