全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6663篇 |
免费 | 575篇 |
国内免费 | 198篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 101篇 |
2021年 | 194篇 |
2020年 | 162篇 |
2019年 | 172篇 |
2018年 | 258篇 |
2017年 | 190篇 |
2016年 | 278篇 |
2015年 | 418篇 |
2014年 | 484篇 |
2013年 | 486篇 |
2012年 | 658篇 |
2011年 | 533篇 |
2010年 | 391篇 |
2009年 | 320篇 |
2008年 | 418篇 |
2007年 | 372篇 |
2006年 | 356篇 |
2005年 | 291篇 |
2004年 | 278篇 |
2003年 | 231篇 |
2002年 | 167篇 |
2001年 | 103篇 |
2000年 | 77篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 33篇 |
1997年 | 34篇 |
1996年 | 30篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 24篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有7436条查询结果,搜索用时 875 毫秒
41.
Steroidal saponins from Smilax lebrunii. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Two new steroidal saponins, (25 R)-spirostan-3 beta-ol-6-one-3-O-[alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl (1----6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside and (25 R)-spirostan-3 beta-ol-6-one-3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1---4)] [alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1----6)]-beta-glucopyranoside, were isolated from the rhizomes of Smilax lebrunii. Their structures have been established by chemical and spectral methods. 相似文献
42.
43.
Idiotypic analysis of anti-GAT antibodies. VII. Common idiotype on hybridoma antibodies to poly(Glu60 Ala40) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
S T Ju M Pierres R N Germain B Benacerraf M E Dorf 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》1980,125(3):1230-1236
A single DBA/2 mouse, immunized with L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine40 (GA), was used to produce hybridoma cell lines. Seven hybridoma anti-GA antibodies were obtained for idiotypic analyses. Two hybridoma anti-L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) antibodies, preferentially reactive to GA, were studied in parallel. Anti-idiotypic antisera to purified anti-GAT and anti-GA serum antibodies and to hybridoma anti-GA antibodies were analyzed by idiotype binding and inhibition of idiotype binding assays. Five of the nine hybridoma antibodies exhibited common GA-1 idiotypic specificities previously demonstrated on the majority of anti-GA antibodies of inbred mouse strains of differing immunoglobulin heavy chain linkage groups; these hybridoma antibodies also possessed private idiotypic determinants. Two GA-1 negative hybridoma anti-GA antibodies appeared identical by immunochemical criteria, arguing that somatic hybridization does not artifactually generate private idiotypic determinants. The results demonstrate that the common GA-1 idiotype system is associated with a family of nonidentical but idiotypically related antibody molecules present in a single DBA/2 mouse, and these antibodies are part of the "GA-1 idiotypic family". 相似文献
44.
The processes of photosynthesis, chemosynthesis and sulphate reduction were quantitatively studied in the brackish meromitic lake Faro (Sicily) with the aid of C14 and S35. The layer of “red water” was situated at the depht of the chemocline (13–14 m), where the average concentration of H2S was 10 mg/l. The total biomass of bacterioplankton consisted in this layer mostly of a brown Chlorobium which reached a wet weight of 30 g/m3. The production of photosynthesis in this layer was 30–60 µg C/l/day. The microbial population in the “red water” was found adapted to an extremely low light intensity and to show a light optimum at the depth µg 9m where only 2,5% of outside light penetrates. The photoautotrophic microflora is consumed by infusoria found in mass in the “red water” layer. An active H2S-production was found in the water column in the upper part of the H2S-zone and in the bottom sediments. The data are discussed from the view point of the trophology of meromitic basins. 相似文献
45.
46.
Honeybee queen attendants disperse queen pheromones to supplement pheromone dispersal by direct queen-worker contacts. With time they lose their dispersal function exponentially due mainly to volatilization of queen pheromones carried on their bodies. The elimination of those airborne pheromones together with the air while ventilating the hive is balanced by pheromone release by the queen. This equilibrium results in a certain level of queen pheromones in the broodnest. The change of the pheromone level (for example, due to loss of the colony of its queen) can serve as a signal to alter the behaviour of the workers and the state of the colony. 相似文献
47.
Hyo Je Cho Kyungsun Kim Seo Yean Sohn Ha Yeon Cho Kyung Jin Kim Myung Hee Kim Dockyu Kim Eungbin Kim Beom Sik Kang 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(45):34643-34652
A meta-cleavage pathway for the aerobic degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons is catalyzed by extradiol dioxygenases via a two-step mechanism: catechol substrate binding and dioxygen incorporation. The binding of substrate triggers the release of water, thereby opening a coordination site for molecular oxygen. The crystal structures of AkbC, a type I extradiol dioxygenase, and the enzyme substrate (3-methylcatechol) complex revealed the substrate binding process of extradiol dioxygenase. AkbC is composed of an N-domain and an active C-domain, which contains iron coordinated by a 2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad motif. The C-domain includes a β-hairpin structure and a C-terminal tail. In substrate-bound AkbC, 3-methylcatechol interacts with the iron via a single hydroxyl group, which represents an intermediate stage in the substrate binding process. Structure-based mutagenesis revealed that the C-terminal tail and β-hairpin form part of the substrate binding pocket that is responsible for substrate specificity by blocking substrate entry. Once a substrate enters the active site, these structural elements also play a role in the correct positioning of the substrate. Based on the results presented here, a putative substrate binding mechanism is proposed. 相似文献
48.
Perfluorocarbon emulsions were applied to hybridoma cultures grown in tissue culture tubes and column bioreactors. The oxygen transfer enhancement effect of perfluorocarbon emulsions was clearly demonstrated by the higher cell densities obtained in emulsion-supplemented systems. In addition, perfluorocarbon emulsions were shown to provide better cell suspension in a low-shear environment. The study in column bioreactors also suggested a cell protective effect of the employed perfluorocarbon emulsions in reducing the damage to cells by gas bubbles. 相似文献
49.
Tumorigenic transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by the autocrine synthesis of transforming growth factor alpha 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A variety of cancer cells overexpress transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), a mitogenic peptide. A cDNA sequence coding for the full-length human TGF alpha precursor protein was subcloned into a retroviral expression vector and introduced into clone 7 NIH 3T3 cells, which have low numbers of endogenous epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs). The autocrine synthesis of TGF alpha by these cells resulted in their focal transformation. In contrast, control NIH 3T3 cells treated in a paracrine manner with exogenous, saturating concentrations of the mature form of TGF alpha, though stimulated to divide, remained morphologically untransformed. The addition of saturating quantities of soluble, mature TGF alpha to NIH 3T3 cells expressing the transferred TGF alpha gene actually suppressed their growth and focal transformation. The transformation induced by the TGF alpha gene remained an EGFR-dependent process, since the degree of transformation was correlated with EGFR expression in NIH 3T3 cells and since NR6 cells, which are Swiss 3T3 cells devoid of endogenous EGFRs, were transformed by the TGF alpha vector only when exogenous EGFR genes were also introduced. When inoculated into nude mice, the TGF alpha-expressing cells rapidly gave rise to tumors that grew progressively, whereas control cells did not form tumors. We conclude that in certain circumstances autocrine TGF alpha can be more oncogenic than paracrine and that paracrine TGF alpha can suppress this effect. 相似文献
50.