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631.
Geeta Eick Samuel S. Urlacher Thomas W. McDade Paul Kowal J. Josh Snodgrass 《Biodemography and social biology》2016,62(2):222-233
Our objective was to validate a commercially available ELISA to measure antibody titers against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in dried blood spots (DBS) to replace a previously validated assay for DBS that is no longer available. We evaluated the precision, reliability, and stability of the assay for the measurement of EBV antibodies in matched plasma, fingerprick DBS, and venous blood DBS samples from 208 individuals. Effects of hematocrit and DBS sample matrix on EBV antibody determination were also investigated, and the cutoff for seropositivity in DBS was determined. A conversion equation was derived to enable comparison of results generated using this method with the former DBS method. There was a high correlation between plasma and DBS EBV antibody titers (R2 = 0.93) with very little bias (?0.07 based on Bland-Altman analysis). The assay showed good linearity and did not appear to be affected by the DBS matrix, and physiological hematocrit levels had no effect on assay performance. There was reasonable agreement between DBS EBV titer estimates obtained using this assay and the previously validated assay (R2 = 0.72). The commercially available ELISA assay for EBV antibody titers that we validated for use with DBS will facilitate continued investigation of EBV antibody titers in DBS. 相似文献
632.
Stefano Benvegnù Diego Franciotta Josh Sussman Angela Bachi Elisabetta Zardini Paola Torreri Cedric Govaerts Salvatore Pizzo Giuseppe Legname 《PloS one》2009,4(6)
Doppel protein (Dpl) is a paralog of the cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC), together sharing common structural and biochemical properties. Unlike PrPC, which is abundantly expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS), Dpl protein expression is not detectable in the CNS. Interestingly, its ectopic expression in the brain elicits neurodegeneration in transgenic mice. Here, by combining native isoelectric focusing plus non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis, we identified two Dpl binding partners: rat alpha-1-inhibitor-3 (α1I3) and, by sequence homology, alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), two known plasma metalloproteinase inhibitors. Biochemical investigations excluded the direct interaction of PrPC with either α1I3 or α2M. Nevertheless, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and surface plasmon resonance experiments revealed a high affinity binding occurring between PrPC and Dpl. In light of these findings, we suggest a mechanism for Dpl-induced neurodegeneration in mice expressing Dpl ectopically in the brain, linked to a withdrawal of natural inhibitors of metalloproteinase such as α2M. Interestingly, α2M has been proven to be a susceptibility factor in Alzheimer''s disease, and as our findings imply, it may also play a relevant role in other neurodegenerative disorders, including prion diseases. 相似文献
633.
Josh Mitteldorf 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2017,82(12):1456-1461
An experimental design is proposed for high-throughput testing of combined interventions that might increase life expectancy in rodents. There is a growing backlog of promising treatments that have never been tested in mammals, and known treatments have not been tested in combination. The dose-response curve is often nonlinear, as are the interactions among different therapies. Herein are proposed two experimental designs optimized for detecting high-value combinations. In Part I, numerical simulation is used to explore a protocol for testing different dosages of a single intervention. With reasonable and general biological assumptions about the dose-response curve, information is maximized when each animal receives a different dosage. In Part II, numerical simulation is used to explore a protocol for testing interactions among many combinations of treatments, once their individual dosages have been established. Combinations of three are identified as a sweet spot for statistics. To conserve resources, the protocol is designed to identify those outliers that lead to life extension greater than 50%, but not to offer detailed survival curves for any treatments. Every combination of three treatments from a universe of 15 total treatments is represented, with just three mice replicating each combination. Stepwise regression is used to infer information about the effects of individual treatments and all their pairwise interactions. Results are not quite as robust as for the dosage protocol in Part I, but if there is a combination that extends lifespan by more than 50%, it will be detected with 80% certainty. These two screening protocols offer the possibility of expediting the identification of treatment combinations that are most likely to have the largest effect, while controlling costs overall. 相似文献