全文获取类型
收费全文 | 25906篇 |
免费 | 2703篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 149篇 |
2021年 | 473篇 |
2020年 | 275篇 |
2019年 | 337篇 |
2018年 | 438篇 |
2017年 | 356篇 |
2016年 | 523篇 |
2015年 | 994篇 |
2014年 | 987篇 |
2013年 | 1370篇 |
2012年 | 1729篇 |
2011年 | 1644篇 |
2010年 | 1041篇 |
2009年 | 954篇 |
2008年 | 1328篇 |
2007年 | 1379篇 |
2006年 | 1250篇 |
2005年 | 1282篇 |
2004年 | 1245篇 |
2003年 | 1148篇 |
2002年 | 1183篇 |
2001年 | 362篇 |
2000年 | 329篇 |
1999年 | 388篇 |
1998年 | 353篇 |
1997年 | 237篇 |
1996年 | 223篇 |
1995年 | 208篇 |
1994年 | 183篇 |
1993年 | 216篇 |
1992年 | 279篇 |
1991年 | 252篇 |
1990年 | 286篇 |
1989年 | 253篇 |
1988年 | 254篇 |
1987年 | 233篇 |
1986年 | 211篇 |
1985年 | 234篇 |
1984年 | 223篇 |
1983年 | 194篇 |
1982年 | 273篇 |
1981年 | 265篇 |
1980年 | 206篇 |
1979年 | 200篇 |
1978年 | 209篇 |
1977年 | 174篇 |
1976年 | 156篇 |
1975年 | 158篇 |
1974年 | 150篇 |
1973年 | 139篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Qingfeng Chen Corey S. Westfall Leslie M. Hicks Shiping Wang Joseph M. Jez 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(39):29780-29786
The GH3 family of acyl-acid-amido synthetases catalyze the ATP-dependent formation of amino acid conjugates to modulate levels of active plant hormones, including auxins and jasmonates. Initial biochemical studies of various GH3s show that these enzymes group into three families based on sequence relationships and acyl-acid substrate preference (I, jasmonate-conjugating; II, auxin- and salicylic acid-conjugating; III, benzoate-conjugating); however, little is known about the kinetic and chemical mechanisms of these enzymes. Here we use GH3-8 from Oryza sativa (rice; OsGH3-8), which functions as an indole-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase, for detailed mechanistic studies. Steady-state kinetic analysis shows that the OsGH3-8 requires either Mg2+ or Mn2+ for maximal activity and is specific for aspartate but accepts asparagine as a substrate with a 45-fold decrease in catalytic efficiency and accepts other auxin analogs, including phenyl-acetic acid, indole butyric acid, and naphthalene-acetic acid, as acyl-acid substrates with 1.4–9-fold reductions in kcat/Km relative to IAA. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies indicate that the enzyme uses a Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping Pong reaction sequence. In the first half-reaction, ATP binds first followed by IAA. Next, formation of an adenylated IAA intermediate results in release of pyrophosphate. The second half-reaction begins with binding of aspartate, which reacts with the adenylated intermediate to release IAA-Asp and AMP. Formation of a catalytically competent adenylated-IAA reaction intermediate was confirmed by mass spectrometry. These mechanistic studies provide insight on the reaction catalyzed by the GH3 family of enzymes to modulate plant hormone action. 相似文献
42.
The climbing habit has evolved independently in many plant taxa, offering vines the ability to compete with non-climbing vegetation
for resources such as light, nutrients, and water. This review examines the structural and functional characteristics that
allow climbing plants to (1) achieve widespread dispersal, (2) transport large amounts of water throughout vessels, (3) maintain
high photosynthesis levels through a large leaf area to biomass ratio, (4) achieve rapid vertical and horizontal expansion
by fast growth rates and various climbing mechanisms and (5) survive and recover from disturbances. Due to the competitive
effects of vines on trees, management of vine growth is used to preserve tropical timber plantations, combat invasive weeds,
and promote rainforest recovery. In order to sustainably manage the vines into the future, it is necessary to understand the
mechanisms by which they can alter tropical forest succession and the impacts of various management techniques. 相似文献
43.
44.
The carbohydrate units of the rat erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoprotein rSGP-4 [Edge, A. S. B., & Weber, P. (1981) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 209, 697-705] have been characterized. All of the carbohydrate of this Mr 19,000 glycoprotein occurs in O-glycosidic linkage to the peptide; following alkaline borohydride treatment and chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2, sialic acid containing oligosaccharides terminating in N-acetylgalactosaminitol were obtained. Their structures were determined by compositional analysis, exoglycosidase digestions, alkaline sulfite degradation, and periodate oxidation. The oligosaccharides were characterized for molecular weight and linkage by direct chemical ionization and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively. The structures are proposed to be NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3GalNAc-ol, Gal beta 1----3(NeuAc alpha 2----6)GalNAc-ol, NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3(NeuAc alpha 2----6)GalNAc-ol, and NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3(NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6)GalNAc-ol. Two of the N-acetylglucosamine-containing hexasaccharides were present per molecule of rSGP-4 along with two trisaccharides and seven tetrasaccharides. 相似文献
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
P. E. Hessler P. E. Larsen A. I. Constantinou K. H. Schram J. M. Weber 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》1997,47(4):398-404
A search for an abundant and economical source of isoflavones, particularly genistein, led to the discovery that the erythromycin-producing
organism Saccharopolyspora erythraea also produces this promising new cancer-prevention agent. Erythromycin fermentation is a large-scale, soybean-based process
used world-wide for the commercial production of this medically important antibiotic. Results from this study indicate that
genistin (the glucoside form of genistein), which is added to the fermentation in the soybean media, was converted to genistein
through the action of a β-glucosidase produced by the organism. Genistein was co-extracted with erythromycin from the fermentation
broth, then separated from erythromycin during the second step of the purification process for the production of erythromycin.
Received 10 September 1996 / Received revision: 22 November 1996 / Accepted: 7 December 1996 相似文献
50.
John W. Wright Anita J. Bechtholt Shelley L. Chambers Joseph W. Harding 《Peptides》1996,17(8):1365-1371
The present investigation determined that native angiotensins II and III (ANG II and III) were equipotent as pressor agents when ICV infused in alert rats, whereas native angiotensin IV (ANG IV) was less potent. An analogue of each of these angiotensins was prepared with a hydroxyethylamine (HEA) amide bond replacement at the N-terminus, yielding additional resistance to degradation. These three angiotensin analogues, HEA-ANG II, HEA-ANG III, and HEA-ANG IV, were equivalent with respect to maximum elevation in pressor responses when ICV infused; and each evidenced significantly extended durations of effect compared with their respective native angiotensin. Comparing analogues, HEA-ANG II had a significantly longer effect compared with HEA-ANG III, and HEA-ANG IV, whereas the latter were equivalent. Pretreatment with the AT1 receptor subtype antagonist, Losartan (DuP753), blocked subsequent pressor responses to each of these analogues, suggesting that these responses were mediated by the AT1 receptor subtype. Pretreatment with the specific AT4 receptor subtype antagonist, Divalinal (HED 1291), failed to influence pressor responses induced by the subsequent infusion of these analogues. These results suggest an important role for Ang III, and perhaps ANG IV, in brain angiotensin pressor responses mediated by the AT1 receptor subtype. 相似文献