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101.
102.
Summary Neurons containing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are first detected in newt embryos (Cynops pyrrhogaster) in the olfactory epithelium and ventromedial portion of the olfactory nerve, after which they sequentially appear in the intracerebral course of the terminal nerve at prometamorphosis, and in the septo-preoptic area at postmetamorphosis. In adults, however, LHRH-immunoreactive cells are rarely seen in the nasal region, and their distribution shifts into the brain, suggesting their migration. In order to ascertain the origin and possible migration route of these neurons in newt larvae, the effect of unilateral or bilateral olfactory placodectomy on the LHRH neuronal system has been studied. Removal of the olfactory placode results in the absence of LHRH-immunoreactive cells in the nasal and brain regions of the operated side, whereas the subsequent growth and the LHRH-immunoreactive cellular distribution in the contralateral side are identical to those of normal larvae. Following bilateral placodectomy, no LHRH immunoreactivity is detected on either side of the olfactory-brain axis. These results suggest that LHRH neurons of the newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster, originate in the olfactory placode and then migrate into the brain during embryonic development. 相似文献
103.
Glutathione reductase fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes redox interconversionin situ andin vivo
José Peinado Javier Florindo J. López-Barea 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1992,110(2):135-143
Redox interconversion of glutathione reductase was studiedin situ withS. cerevisiae. The enzyme was more sensitive to redox inactivation in 24 hour-starved cells than in freshly-grown ones. While 5 μM NADPH
or 100 μM NADH caused 50% inactivation in normal cells in 30 min, 0.75 μM NADPH or 50 μM NADH promoted a similar effect in
starved cells. GSSG reactivated the enzyme previously inactivated by NADPH, ascertaining that the enzyme was subjected to
redox interconversion. Low EDTA concentrations fully protected the enzyme from NADPH inactivation, thus confirming the participation
of metals in such a process. Extensive inactivation was obtained in permeabilized cells incubated with glucose-6-phosphate
or 6-phosphogluconate, in agreement with the very high specific activities of the corresponding dehydrogenases. Some inactivation
was also observed with malate, L-lactate, gluconate or isocitrate in the presence of low NADP+ concentrations.
The inactivation of yeast glutathione reductase has also been studiedin vivo. The activity decreased to 75% after 2 hours of growth with glucono-δ-lactone as carbon source, while NADPH rose to 144%
and NADP+ fell to 86% of their initial values. Greater changes were observed in the presence of 1.5 μM rotenone: enzymatic activity
descended to 23% of the control value, while the NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ ratios rose to 171% and 262% of their initial values, respectively. Such results indicate that the lowered redox potential
of the pyridine nucleotide pool existing when glucono-δ-lactone is oxidized promotesin vivo inactivation of glutathione reductase. 相似文献
104.
We investigated the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C (PKC) activator on insulin receptors and insulin action in freshly isolated and primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMA (1 x 10–7 M) did not alter insulin receptor numbers or affinity either acutely or chronically but within 60 minute inactivated insulin stimulated tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor. PKC activation inhibitied insulin (1 x 10–7M) stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis with a decrease or no change in basal glycogenesis and lipogenesis respectively. However, PKC activation did not alter insulin stimulated or basal amino acid transport even though PCK activation inhibited insulin stimulation of the insulin. receptor tyrosine kinase. Thus, within one tissue, PKC activation has differential effect on insulin action depending on which pathway is examined. Furthermore, insulin stimulation of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase may not be a necessary step for all insulin signaling pathways. 相似文献
105.
Jan Van Parijs Hilde M. Joosen Willy J. Peumans Jan M. Geuns André J. Van Laere 《Archives of microbiology》1992,158(1):19-25
The lectin from stinging nettle rhizomes, Urtica dioica agglutinin (UDA), did not affect the evolution of wet and dry weight, protein, nucleic acid, ATP, cAMP and glycerol content during early germination of Phycomyces blakesleeanus spores. However, earlier investigations established a strongly reduced mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi by this small plant lectin. Total uptake and incorporation of radioactive precursors showed no differences between UDA or control hyphae, but UDA significantly altered the distribution patterns of [14C]-glucose incorporated into the walls of Phycomyces blakesleeanus (more label was recovered in the chitin fraction). Moreover, a small but significant stimulation of chitin synthase and a similar inhibition of chitin deacetylase was found in cell wall preparations. These observations could lead to a better understanding of plant-pathogen interrelationships and to a further elucidation of cell wall structure in fungi.Abbreviations GlcNAc
N-Acetylglucosamine
- PDB
potato dextrose broth
- PMM
Phycomyces minimal medium
- UDA
Urtica dioica agglutinin
- TEA
tri-ethyl-amine
- DAB
1,4-diaminobutanone 相似文献
106.
F. Javier Caballero M. Isabel Igeño Rafael Quiles Francisco Castillo 《Archives of microbiology》1992,158(1):14-18
Rhodobacter capsulatus strains E1F1 and B10 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158 did not use hydroxylamine as nitrogen source for growth but metabolized it mainly through the glutamine synthetase reaction. Hydroxylamine had a high toxicity for cells growing either under phototrophic or dark-aerobic conditions. l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine partially inhibited hydroxylamine uptake and increased the inhibition time of nitrogenase activity by this nitrogen compound. Nitric oxide was also a powerful inhibitor of nitrogenase in intact cells of R. capsulatus. Since low amounts of NO were produced from hydroxylamine, short-term inhibition of nitrogenase in the presence of this compound could be mediated in vivo by nitric oxide.Abbreviations GS
glutamine synthetase
- MSX
l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine
- MTA
mixed alkyltrimethylammonium bromide 相似文献
107.
The genetic structure of six populations of Iran (Turks, Kurds, Lurs, Zabolis, Baluchis and Zoroastrians) was examined using
data on blood groups, serum proteins and cell enzymes. Our results show conclusively that there are genetic differences among
the six populations and the analysis of superimposed R and S matrices defined by Harpending & Jenkins (1973) show that the
dispersion of some of the alleles correspond to the dispersion of the populations. The FST estimates are not large enough to favour selection on any of the loci studied. The FIT and FIS estimates are positive and moderately high suggesting that the genetic differentiation to some extent is influenced by inbreeding. 相似文献
108.
Summary The obtention of embryogenic competence in Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayward is reported. Axillary buds from shoots submitted to cold (4°C) and starvation for 1.5 months, developed leaves with embryogenic competence. These leaves, cultured in darkness for 1.5 months on a medium containing zeatin as a sole growth regulator, originated compact structures from which embryos developed. The plating orientation and sectioning of leaves strongly affected the expression of the embryogenic potential. A selected fraction of the protoplasts isolated from these leaves was able to develop in an embryogenic way. The germination of the embryos is still only occasional.Abbreviations 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 2-iP
6-dimethylallyl aminopurine
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NOA
naphthoxyacetic acid
- SEM
Scanning Electron Microscopy 相似文献
109.
J. H. Medina C. Peña M. Piva C. Wolfman M. L. de Stein C. Wasowski C. Da Cunha I. Izquierdo A. C. Paladini 《Molecular neurobiology》1992,6(4):377-386
Great progress has been made in the last 5 yr in demonstrating the presence of benzodiazepines (BDZs) in mammalian tissues,
in beginning studies on the origin of these natural compounds, and in elucidating their possible biological roles. Many unanswered
questions remain regarding the sources and biosynthetic pathways responsible for the presence of BDZs in brain and their different
physiological and/or biochemical actions. This essay will focus on recent findings supporting that: (1) BDZs are of natural
origin; (2) mammalian brain contains BDZs in concentrations ranging between 5.10−10–10−8
M; (3) dietary source of BDZs might be a plausible explanation for their occurrence in animal tissues, including man; (4) the
formation of BDZ-like molecules in brain is a possibility, experimentally supported; (5) BDZ-like molecules including diazepam
andN-desmethyldiazepam are elevated in hepatic encephalopathy; and (6) natural BDZs in the brain are involved in the modulation
of memory processes. Future studies using the full range of biochemical, physiological, behavioral, and molecular biological
techniques available to the neuroscientist will hopefully continue to yield exciting and new information concerning the biological
roles that BDZs might play in the normal and pathological functioning of the brain. 相似文献
110.
José L. Caballero Eduardo Martinez Francisco Malpartida David A. Hopwood 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1991,230(3):401-412
Summary Sequence analysis of the actVA region of the actinorhodin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces coelicolor revealed a succession of six open reading frames (ORFs), all running in the same direction and extending over 5.32 kb. The protein product of actVA-ORF1 strongly resembles that of another gene, elsewhere in the act cluster (actII-ORF2), which codes for a trans-membrane protein previously implicated in actinorhodin export from the mycelium. This suggests that the two gene products may co-operate in actinorhodin export, perhaps being sufficient for self-protection of the organism against suicide. At least four of the other five ORFs are implicated in the control of the C-6 and C-8 ring-hydroxylation reactions, lacking in actVA mutants, that occur at middle to late stages in the actinorhodin biosynthetic pathway. This conclusion was reached by genetic mapping of actVA mutants to actVA-ORF3 and-ORF5 (and perhaps -ORF4), and by the finding of strong resemblances between the protein products of actVA-ORF2 and -ORF6 and the products of genes of the oxytetracycline or tetracenomycin gene clusters that have been implicated in ring-hydroxylation reactions in the biosynthesis of these other aromatic polyketide antibiotics. 相似文献