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In light of climate change and risks of food insecurity, it is becoming increasingly important to preserve plant germplasm in genebanks. Storage of seeds, particularly via cryopreservation, is one of the most proficient methods for ex situ plant germplasm conservation. Whilst seed cryo-banking can have little, to no, or even beneficial effects on subsequent seedling vigor in some species, it can lead to a number of plant abnormalities (morphological and physiological). This study investigated the effects of maize seed cryopreservation on seedling growth (until 14 d) and levels of selected amino acids produced in the shikimate pathway, a major link between primary and secondary metabolism. Seed cryopreservation reduced FW in recovered seedlings, reduced caffeic acid (2.5-fold decrease), and increased levels of all other shikimate pathway–related compounds assessed: phenylalanine (2.9-fold increase), tyrosine (2.6-fold increase), and shikimic (2.1-fold increase) and protocathecuic (3.1-fold increase) acids in cotyledons. Our results suggest that maize seed cryopreservation results in seedlings that exhibit signs of an ‘overly’ efficient and caffeic acid–deficient shikimate pathway, possibly related to their reduced growth during a highly vulnerable growth stage. However, these metabolic abnormalities manifested most severely in the maternal (cotyledonary), as opposed to vegetative (roots, stems, and leaves), tissues and hence are likely to disappear when the seedlings shed the cotyledons and become completely autotrophic.
相似文献We established a protocol for the in vitro propagation of Baccharis conferta Kunth. This plant is used to treat gastrointestinal problems, cramps, pain, respiratory problems, and insect bites. A high rate of shoot multiplication was obtained from nodal segments on Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium. The shoots regenerated roots without exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs). All explants of wild leaves on MS medium containing 5 μM of thidiazuron (TDZ) produced friable callus. An organogenic response was achieved after 3 wk of culture when callus segments were transferred to MS medium containing a combination of plant growth regulators (PGRs): either (i) 5 μM indole butyric acid (IBA) + 5 μM kinetin (KIN) or (ii) 0.5 μM IBA + 1.10 μM benzylaminopurine (BAP). The morphogenetic responses of callus were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Shoots regenerated from callus and formed roots on MS medium without PGRs. The micropropagated plantlets and the organogenic callus showed similar chemical profiles in HPLC-mass spectrometry analyses. The main compounds present in the cultures were caffeoylquinic acids. Only plantlets contained small amounts of triterpenes (erythrodiol and ursolic acid). These findings will be useful for the micropropagation of this important native resource, and for further studies on its biology.
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