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Frequency of infection by Cryptosporidium sp. in 1,039 faecal smears stained by Ziehl-Neelsen, obtained from undernourished patients of a Nutritional Recovery Center and an ambulatory undernourished center from the Fifth Region, Chile, were studied. All underwent a coproparasitological examination by the modified Telemann method. Thirty eight (3.7%) patients infected by the parasite were detected, with an overall frequency of 8.5% among patients of the Nutritional Recovery Center and 1.9% among the ambulatory patients; this difference was statistically significant. The highest percentage of positive results were detected among the younger milk feeding infants. Also the percentage of difference among these and the older milk feeding infants (3.7%) was statistically significant. Association of Cryptosporidium sp. and Giardia lamblia was observed in 6 ambulatory patients (2.3%). 相似文献
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The pmr spectra of fully acetylated 2S: 3R-2 amino-trans-4 octadecene-1, 3 diol (sphingosine) (lb), 2S : 3R-2 aminooctadecane-1, 3 diol (dihydrosphingosine) (2b), 1-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-2S : 3R-2 tetracosanoylamido-trans-4 octadecene-1, 3 diol (cerasine) (3b), and 1-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-2S : 3R-2 (2′ hydroxy) tetracosanoylamido-trans-4 octadecene-1, 3 diol (phrenosine) (4b), were determined in chloroform-d, acetone-d6, and benzene-d6 at 220 MHz. The relative chemical shifts of the various protons in the three solvents were different enough as to permit configurational and conformational information to be derived by partial first order analysis. 相似文献
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Carla Sánchez-Hernández Norma Martínez-Gallardo Armando Guerrero-Rangel Silvia Valdés-Rodríguez John Délano-Frier 《Physiologia plantarum》2004,122(2):254-264
Seeds of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. are known to accumulate a trypsin-inhibitor (ATI) member of the potato-I inhibitor family and an α -amylase inhibitor (AAI), possessing a knottin-like fold. They are believed to have a defensive role due to their inhibition of trypsin-like enzymes and α -amylases of insect pests. In this work, both inhibitory activities were found in leaves of young A. hypochondriacus plants. High constitutive levels of foliar inhibitory activity against bovine trypsin and insect α -amylases were detected in in vitro assays. Trypsin inhibitory activity was further increased by exposure to diverse treatments, particularly water stress. Salt stress, insect herbivory and treatment with exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) or abscisic acid (ABA) also induced trypsin inhibitor activity accumulation, although to a lesser degree. In gel and immunoblot analyses showed that foliar trypsin inhibitor activity was constituted by at least three different inhibitors of approximately 29, 8 (including ATI) and 3 kDa, respectively. These inhibitors showed differing patterns of accumulation in response to diverse treatments. On the other hand, significant increases in α -amylase inhibitor activity and AAI levels were detected in leaves of insect-damaged, MeJA- and ABA-treated A. hypochodriacus plantlets, but not in those subjected to water- or salt-stress. A differential induction of trypsin inhibitor activity and α -amylase inhibitor accumulation in response to insect herbivory by two related species of lepidopterous larvae was observed, whereas mechanical wounding failed to induce either inhibitor. The overall results suggest that trypsin and α -amylase inhibitors could protect A. hypochondriacus against multiple types of stress. 相似文献