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991.
992.
Chunyan Chen Tian Shen Fei Tian Ping Lin Qingtian Li Zelin Cui Yajuan Zhang Min Xue Jing Ye Xiaokui Guo YuhuaZhou 《Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica》2013,(12):1039-1048
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a major concern in hospitals and the bacterial community of which has not been systemically discussed yet. Sputum from patients in the acute stages is a kind of accessible sample reflecting its fea- tures. In our study, we analyzed 45 sputum samples from 45 patients with CAP. Eighteen sputum samples from healthy people were chosen as the controls. Pyrosequencing of the 16s rDNA V3 hypervariable regions of aH the bacteria con- tained in the sputum was used as a culture-independent method to disclose the community constitution. Also, our published data for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) in sputum was used for comparison. By pyrosequencing, 〉90,000 DNA reads were detected. After being analyzed by tools in the Ribosomal Database Project, the reads were clas- sified into five main phyla and 〉100 genera. At the phyla level, the reads' distribution of CAP is similar to that of healthy people and at genera level, the occurrence of each genus possesses their feature in three categories. Genera such as Streptococcus and Neisseria showed stability in their percentages, indicating that such genera are rarely affected by exogenous bacteria or antibiotics. The role of other genera such as Moraxella and Rothia in CAP should be emphasized. According to our analysis, the bacterial communities of CAP are with slight change when compared with those of healthy people, but have a large gap between HAP. Meanwhile, Rothia might be an important endogenous pneumonia-causing factor. 相似文献
993.
Immunosenescence is described as a decline in the normal functioning of the immune system associated with physiologic ageing.Immunosenescence contributes to reduced efficacy to vaccination and increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in the elderly.Extensive studies of laboratory animal models of ageing or donor lymphocyte analysis have identified changes in immunity caused by the ageing process.Most of these studies have identified phenotypic and functional changes in innate and adaptive immunity.However,it is unclear which of these defects are critical for impaired immune defense against infection.This review describes the changes that occur in innate and adaptive immunity with ageing and some age-related viral diseases where defects in a key component of immunity contribute to the high mortality rate in mouse models of ageing. 相似文献
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Yong Wang Jae Young Choi Jong Yul Roh Xue Ying Tao Qin Liu Joo Hyun Lee Jae Su Kim Woo Jin Kim Yeon Ho Je 《Entomological Research》2013,43(1):63-69
Baculovirus chitinase gene (chiA) is a late gene essential for liquefying the host insect at a late stage of infection for its hydrolyzing chitin function. In a previous report, baculovirus ChiA has been shown to offer many interesting new opportunities for pest control. Recently, a putative chiA gene was identified in the Korean isolate of the Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedorvirus (SpliMNPV‐K1) genome. The open reading frame (ORF) contains 1692 nucelotides and encodes a protein of 563 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of about 62.6 kDa. To study the insecticidal activity of ChiA from SpliMNPV‐K1, we constructed a recombinant AcMNPV, Ap‐SlChiA, which is designed to express the ChiA under the control of a polyhedrin promoter. Western blot analysis indicated that ChiA was successfully expressed by this recombinant virus. Chitinase assay revealed that the chitobiosidase and endochitinase activity of the recombinant virus was 2.5‐ and 3.9‐flods higher than those of wild‐type AcMNPV, respectively. In addition, the recombinant virus showed higher evident insecticidal activity against 3rd instar larvae of Spodotera exigua than that of the AcMNPV. These results suggest that the chiA gene from SpliMNPV‐K1 could be successfully applied to improve pathogenicity of baculoviruses. 相似文献
997.
We examined the structure of the arthropod community among deciduous and coniferous dead woods along the process of wood decay. We collected dead wood‐dwelling arthropods from April 2010 to October 2011 by using a vacuum aspirator and an electric chain saw in three areas (Mt. Woonak, Mt. Wolchul, Mt. Jingang) in Korea. We identified them to species levels and classified them into functional groups. We collected 8792 arthropods (5 classes, 20 orders, 58 families, and 93 species). The species richness and abundance of arthropods increased with the progress of decay in dead woods. The evenness index seemed to be shown at a lower value at late decay stage than at early‐ and mid‐decay stages. The diversity index (H′) in conifers was lower than that in deciduous dead woods at the early decay stage but this situation was reversed at the late decay stage. Arthropod communities of functional groups, except the xylophagous insects, did not differ in the variables, but the proportion of xylophagous insects increased as the decay stages progressed. The abundance of arthropods and xylophagous was statistically significantly different. The patterns generated by non‐metric multidimensional scaling in the overall arthropod community composition revealed that the species composition between study areas were significantly different. We confirmed that dead woods play very important roles as arthropods' habitats. Thus, we suggest that the role of dead woods should be emphasized in the management of forest ecosystems. 相似文献
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Xitlali Aguirre-Dugua Edgar Pérez-Negrón Alejandro Casas 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2013,9(1):76