Enzymatic synthesis of ATP from RNA and adenine

Summary The title compound was prepared by a three-stage enzymatic procedure consisting of (i) RNA hydrolysis to a mixture of ribonucleosides using intact mycelium of Spicaria violacea, (ii) transribosylation of exogenous adenine employing whole cells of Escherichia coli as a biocatalyst, and (iii) conversion of formed adenosine into ATP by the enzymes of alcohol fermentation and the kinases extracted from baker's yeast.     

Topography of carpal bone - An experimental model for carpal tunnel syndrome

By preparing a new experimental model for the carpal tunnel syndrome, the authors evaluated the differences of the human and rabbit carpal tunnels using a comparative anatomical study. A nearly identical situation-regarding the osseous and connective tissue formations in the carpal channel--was found. Therefore, the carpal tunnel of the rabbit is recommended for a model of chronic nerve compression, which is now planned by the authors.     

The development of the epidemic process and the formation of humoral immunity to the hepatitis A virus in adolescent collectives

Additional observation on the formation of humoral immunity to hepatitis A virus has been carried out in 2,375 adolescents aged 15-17 years and belonging to 12 groups at 3 areas of the USSR. This observation has shown that in the presence of a high level of the immune stratum the spread of infection occurs, as a rule, outside the group under observation. Besides, as revealed in this study, the risk of seroconversion and the loss of specific antibodies are, respectively, directly and inversely related to the level of the immune stratum in the group. The level of the immune stratum in a given age group supposedly reflects the intensity of the development of the epidemic process at a definite area.     

Diazepam metabolism by multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes

The synthesis of pharmacologically active diazepam metabolites (oxazepam, 4-hydroxydiazepam, N-demethyldiazepam) in liver microsomes of intact and phenobarbital-, 3-methylcholanthrene- and dexamethasone-induced male and female Wistar rats as well as in a reconstituted system with isolated forms of cytochrome P-450 (P-450a, P-450b, P-450c, P-450d and P-450k according to the Ryan nomenclature) was studied. Marked sex-dependent differences in the rates of diazepam metabolism in liver microsomes of intact and induced animals were revealed. The changes in the spectrum of diazepam metabolites in liver microsomes of induced rats (as compared to control animals) were revealed. In a reconstituted system only phenobarbital-induced cytochromes P-450b and P-450k were found to be active participants of diazepam N-demethylation; none of the isoenzymes tested were shown to be involved in diazepam hydroxylation.     

Immunochemical properties of the regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase II]

Immunochemical analysis of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit type II was performed with the use of two rabbit antisera elicited to a free R-subunit from pig brain and to a RcAMP complex. Quantitative precipitation of the homogeneous antigen revealed six determinants on the R-molecule. Of these at least one is localized in the R-fragment (37 kD), the others--in the N-terminal part of the R-molecule. The antigenic determinants seem to be remoted from the cAMP-binding centers, since the attachment of the affinity purified antibody Fab-fragments to the R-subunit did not influence the cAMP-binding activity of the latter. The antibodies to RcAMP caused dissociation of the holoenzyme. The antibody Fab-fragment binding to the R-subunit prevented its association with the catalytic subunit. The results of immunochemical analysis suggest that the R-subunit adopts different conformations when bound to cAMP or to the catalytic subunit.     

Isolation and sequence of a tropomyosin-binding fragment of turkey gizzard calponin

Limited chymotryptic cleavage of turkey gizzard calponin yields a 13 kDa fragment which could be purified by its ability to bind to Sepharose-immobilized tropomyosin. This 13 kD polypeptide is shown to be derived from a 22 kDa fragment. Complete amino acid sequence analysis of the 13 kD and 22 kD fragments reveals high homology with the formerly characterized smooth muscle-specific protein SM22 alpha (Pearlstone, J.R., Weber, M., Lees-Miller, J.P., Carpenter, M.R. and Smillie L.B., 1987, J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5985-5991) and the product of gene mp20 of Drosophila (Ayme-Southqate, A., Lasko, P., French, C, and Pardue, M.L. [(1989) J. Cell Biol. 108, 521-531]. Futhermore we recognize sequence elements of a putative actin-binding domain of alpha-actinin, the calpactin I or p 36 sequence, and a consensus motif present in the repeats of the gene product of the candidate unc-87 gene of C. elegans (S.D. Goetinck and R.H. Waterston, personal communication).     

Organization of reflex sympathetic influence on rate and force of cardiac contraction]

In acute experiments on 21 cats it was proved that the change of afferent impulse on vagus nerves by means of either freeze-block or electrostimulation of their central ends results in differential reflex influences on rhythm and force of the cardiac contractions caused by sympathetic nervous system. The cut of the lower cardiac nerves may cause 'break-up' of the observed reflex, removing or inverting its ino- or chronotropy component. The given phenomenon was revealed in the experiments with high arterial pressure and with absence of tonic chronotropy influences of the left lower cardiac nerve.