Zahl und Verteilung antennaler Sensillen bei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifera L.)

Zusammenfassung An Totalpräparaten der Antennengeißel von Arbeiterin und Drohne vonApis mellifera carnica wurden Zahl und Verteilung aller Sensillen und Setae ermittelt. Dabei ließen sich anhand des cuticularen Baues folgende Sensillentypen unterscheiden: S. placodeum, S. ampullaceum, S. coeloconicum, S. campaniforme und 5 Haarsensillen S. trichodeum A, B1, B2, C, D, sowie 4 Setatypen (A 1–3, B), die wahrscheinlich nicht innerviert sind. Die Benennungen der Sensillen wurde den bisher gebrauchten Bezeichnungen gegenübergestellt. Sensillenzahl und -Verteilung, Sinneszellzahl und Funktion der Sensillen wurden anhand von Literaturangaben zusammengestellt und diskutiert. Bemerkenswert ist der starke Dimorphismus zwischen Arbeiterin und Drohne in der relativen Sensillenzahl für die einzelnen Sensillentypen und in der Gesamtzahl der Sinneszellen. So sind bei der Arbeiterin die wahrscheinlich olfaktorischen S. trichodea A und die mechanorezeptorischen S. trichodea B 1 wesentlich stärker vertreten. Die Drohne hat keine S. basiconica und im übrigen wesentlich mehr S. placodea als die Arbeiterin. Insgesamt hat die Drohne eine ca. 2-fach größere Geißeloberfläche und etwa 5-mal soviele Sinneszellen wie die Arbeiterin. Die Arbeiterinnengeißel hat auf ihrer Rückseite eine porenplattenfreie Zone, die dicht mit nichtinnervierten Setae besetzt ist. Bei der Drohne findet man stattdessen eine porenplattenärmere Zone mit einer geringeren Zahl von Setae. Charakteristische Verteilungsmuster bestehen auch für alle anderen Sensillen und Setae.

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Number and distribution of the sensilla on the antennal flagellum of the honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)

Summary Number and distribution of sensilla and setae on the antennal flagellum of the honeybeeApis mellifera carnica were determined on whole antennal preparations. The following types of sensilla were distinguished according to their cuticular structure: Sensillum placodeum, S. ampullaceum, S. coeloconicum, S. basiconicum, S. campaniforme and 5 hair sensilla S.trichodeum A, B1, B2, C, D, as well as 4 types of probably non-innervated setae (A1–3, B). The names used here for the different types were compared with the previously used terms. Number and distribution of sensilla, the number of sensory cells and the function of the sensilla were discussed with respect to the data available from the literature. There is a notable dimorphism between the worker and drone with respect to the relative number of sensilla of each type and to the total number of sensory cells. The worker has far more of the presumably olfactory S. trichodea A and of the mechanoreceptive S. trichodea B1. The drone lacks the S. basiconica and has far more S. placodea than the worker. The flagellum surfarce of the drone is twice as large as that of the worker and has 5 times as many sensory cells. The worker flagellum has a poreplate-free zone on the side facing the head which is densely packed with non-innervated setae. In the corresponding zone the drone has a lower density of poreplates than elsewhere on its antennal flagellum. All other sensilla and setae are also characteristically distributed.

     

A family with a high risk of segregation for an autosomal unbalanced reciprocal translocation

Summary A family with autosomal reciprocal translocation t(4;13) (q25;q31) with a sibship comprising 2 children with unbalanced karyotypes, der(13) partial trisomy 4q, 1 child with the balanced translocation, and 2 abortions were studied. The segregation risk of unbalanced derivation in reciprocal translocations is discussed. The clinical picture of the 2 children with partial trisomy 4q is compared with similar cases.     

Prevalence of Edwards' syndrome. Clustering and seasonal variation?

Summary The incidence of Edwards' syndrome was found to be 1 per 4857 newborn children of 34000 consecutively newborn children in two Danish counties. Six of the 7 cases were born during the months of February through April.The incidence was high compared with the expected incidence of Edwards' syndrome of approximately 1 per 10000. This might be due to clustering in the area studied during the period 1967 to 1973.The finding of variations in incidence of children with Edwards' syndrome in different parts of the world, as well as the finding of seasonal variation in birth of such children, indicates that some of the etiological factors of nondisjunction of chromosome 18 are of an environmental nature.     

Chromosome examination of newborn children

Summary The purpose of making chromosome investigations of newborn children as well as ethical problems in such studies and in follow-up studies of children with chromosome abnormalities is discussed, and a survey of 6 chromosome studies from a total of 47145 newborn children is presented.It is stressed that more chromosome studies of newborn children are needed for several reasons, but one of the main reasons is to study the development of children with different chromosome abnormalities, especially those with sex-chromosome abnormalities and compare them with controls.     

Beiträge zur Vitalfärbung von Pilzmyzelien II

Ohne ZusammenfassungBeitr. z. Vitalf. v. Pilzmyzelien I; Flora134, S. 58, 1939.     

Amiloride sensitive activation of S6 kinase by angiotensin II in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

Angiotensin II was shown to activate S6-kinase in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in a dose- (10(-9)-10(-6) M) and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment of quiescent cells with 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate had no effect on the activation levels of the kinase at the hormone levels used. However, stimulation of S6-kinase activity by angiotensin II was markedly inhibited by the inclusion of amiloride hydrochloride in serum-free medium during activation procedures. Angiotensin was not mitogenic for VSMC at even the highest doses used (10(-6) M). These findings support the notion that raised intracellular pH results in the activation of protein synthesis in quiescent cells.     

Life‐history constraints in grassland plant species: a growth‐defence trade‐off is the norm

Plant growth can be limited by resource acquisition and defence against consumers, leading to contrasting trade‐off possibilities. The competition‐defence hypothesis posits a trade‐off between competitive ability and defence against enemies (e.g. herbivores and pathogens). The growth‐defence hypothesis suggests that strong competitors for nutrients are also defended against enemies, at a cost to growth rate. We tested these hypotheses using observations of 706 plant populations of over 500 species before and following identical fertilisation and fencing treatments at 39 grassland sites worldwide. Strong positive covariance in species responses to both treatments provided support for a growth‐defence trade‐off: populations that increased with the removal of nutrient limitation (poor competitors) also increased following removal of consumers. This result held globally across 4 years within plant life‐history groups and within the majority of individual sites. Thus, a growth‐defence trade‐off appears to be the norm, and mechanisms maintaining grassland biodiversity may operate within this constraint.     

Einige Bemerkungen zu Winklers Kritik meines Referates

Ohne Zusammenfassung