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411.
Gaudeline Rémillard-Labrosse Constantina Mihai Johanne Duron Ginette Guay Roger Lippé 《Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)》2009,10(8):1074-1083
The biosynthetic pathway carries cargos from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the trans Golgi network (TGN) via a typical passage through the Golgi. Interestingly, large particles such as procollagen, chylomicrons and some viruses all reach the TGN by atypical routes. Given this dichotomy, we anticipated that such cargos might rely on non-classical machineries downstream of the TGN. Using Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as a model and a synchronized infection protocol that focuses on TGN to plasma membrane transport, the present study revealed the surprising implication of the cellular serine-threonine protein kinase D in HSV-1 egress. These findings, confirmed by a variety of complementary means [pharmacological inhibitors, dominant negative mutant, RNA interference and electron microscopy (EM)], identify one of possibly several cellular factors that modulate the egress of viruses transiting at the TGN. Moreover, the involvement of this kinase, previously known to regulate the transport of small basolateral cargos, highlights the trafficking of both small and exceptionally large entities by a common machinery downstream of the TGN, in sharp contrast to earlier steps of transport. Conceptually, this indicates the TGN is not only a sorting station from which cargos can depart towards different destinations but also a meeting point where conventional and unconventional routes can meet along the biosynthetic pathway. Lastly, given the apical release of HSV-1 in neurons, it opens up the possibility that this kinase might regulate some apical sorting. 相似文献
412.
Field experiments in the high rainfall zone (HRZ) and the medium rainfall zone (MRZ) in Zambia were designed to determine
the natural occurrence of fumonisins (FB1–2) in Zambian maize hybrids, accumulation of FB1–2 resulting from artificial inoculation with Fusarium verticillioides and effects of climate and planting time on FB1–2 in maize. Combined FB1–2 concentrations varied from 0 to 13,050 ng/g, with an overall mean of 666 ng/g. Maize from the HRZ had low incidences of FB1–2-positive samples (mean 41%) which contained FB1–2 below 500 ng/g. In the MRZ, higher incidences (mean 97%) and concentrations (40% of samples >1,000 ng/g) were recorded in
two out of three years. There was no correlation between mean location FB1–2 concentrations in individual years and precipitation, number of rain days or monthly precipitation. Postponing the planting
time with 10 or 20 days did not significantly affect FB1–2 concentration, but it reduced the yields in some years. 相似文献
413.
Johanne Heitmann Solheim Ferenc Borondics Boris Zimmermann Christophe Sandt Florian Muthreich Achim Kohler 《Journal of biophotonics》2021,14(12):e202100148
In infrared spectroscopy of thin film samples, interference introduces distortions in spectra, commonly referred to as fringes. Fringes may alter absorbance peak ratios, which hampers the spectral analysis. We have previously introduced extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) for fringes correction. In the current article, we provide a robust open-source algorithm for fringe correction in infrared spectroscopy and propose several improvements to the Fringe EMSC model. The suggested algorithm achieves a more precise fringe frequency estimation by mean centering of the measured spectrum and applying a window function prior to the Fourier transform. It selects two frequencies from a user defined number of maxima in the Fourier domain. The improved Fringe EMSC algorithm is validated on two experimental datasets, one of them being a hyperspectral image. Techniques for separating sample spectra from background spectra in hyperspectral images, and techniques to identify spectra affected by fringes are also provided. 相似文献