基于CdSe阳离子交换的玉米赤霉烯酮新型荧光免疫检测方法的建立及应用

作为镰刀属真菌的次级代谢产物,玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)具有强烈的生殖毒性和免疫毒性,严重威胁动物和人类健康。本研究通过采用羧基修饰的CdSe水溶性量子点(quantum dots,QDs)标记ZEN单克隆抗体,并基于CdSe阳离子交换信号增强原理,建立了ZEN新型荧光免疫检测方法(CdSe QDs-FLISA),检测下限(IC₁₀)和半数抑制率(IC₅₀)分别为0.006 ng/mL和0.17 ng/mL,检测区间(IC20–IC80)为0.01–0.45 ng/mL。与ZEN的结构类似物(α-zearalanol、zearalanone、α-zearalenol、β-zearalenol and β-zearalanol)交叉反应性依次为22.3%、13.1%、6.2%、1.6%和3.9%,与农产品中其他真菌毒素如黄曲霉毒素B₁(AFB₁)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、呕吐毒素(DON)和伏马毒素B₁(FB₁)几乎不存在交叉反应。该方法...     

Differential activation of eIF2 kinases in response to cellular stresses in Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eIF2) is an important mechanism mitigating cellular injury in response to diverse environmental stresses. While all eukaryotic organisms characterized to date contain an eIF2 kinase stress response pathway, the composition of eIF2 kinases differs, with mammals containing four distinct family members and the well-studied lower eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing only a single eIF2 kinase. We are interested in the mechanisms by which multiple eIF2 kinases interface with complex stress signals and elicit response pathways. In this report we find that in addition to two previously described eIF2 kinases related to mammalian HRI, designated Hri1p and Hri2p, the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe expresses a third eIF2 kinase, a Gcn2p ortholog. To delineate the roles of each eIF2 kinase, we constructed S. pombe strains expressing only a single eIF2 kinase gene or deleted for the entire eIF2 kinase family. We find that Hri2p is the primary activated eIF2 kinase in response to exposure to heat shock, arsenite, or cadmium. Gcn2p serves as the primary eIF2 kinase induced during a nutrient downshift, treatment with the amino acid biosynthetic inhibitor 3-aminotriazole, or upon exposure to high concentrations of sodium chloride. In one stress example, exposure to H₂O₂, there is early tandem activation of both Hri2p and Gcn2p. Interestingly, with extended stress conditions there is activation of alternative secondary eIF2 kinases, suggesting that eukaryotes have mechanisms of coordinate activation of eIF2 kinase in their stress remediation responses. Deletion of these eIF2 kinases renders S. pombe more sensitive to many of these stress conditions.     

广东省蛇类新纪录——越南烙铁头蛇

2009年6月,在广东省信宜市云开山自然保护区调查时采集到越南烙铁头蛇(Ovophis tonkinensis)标本2号,为广东省新纪录,为该种在中国分布的有效性提供了重要的依据.标本保存在华南濒危动物研究所.     

大鼠肾虚自然流产模型的建立及相关因子的表达

目的建立大鼠肾虚自然流产模型,研究模型蜕膜细胞因子、协同刺激因子表达。方法雌性大鼠20只,雄性大鼠10只。将雌鼠与雄鼠按2∶1合笼,以阴道涂片出现大量精子为妊娠第1天,随机分为对照组、模型组每天灌服羟基脲450 mg/kg,第8天灌服米非司酮3.75 mg/kg,建立肾虚模型;统计饮食量、饮水量、肾、卵巢、胚胎直径指数;RT-PCR检查Th1型/Th2型细胞因子mRNA表达;流式细胞检测协同刺激因子CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4表达。结果模型组动物饮食量、饮水量、体重增加量与对照组比较,第8天差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;胚胎直径指数显著减少（P〈0.01）;平均流产率显著升高（P〈0.01）;TNF-α、IFN-γ表达显著升高（P〈0.05）,IL-4I、L-10表达显著升高（P〈0.05）;CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4显著性降低（P〈0.05）。结论灌服羟基脲与米非司酮可成功建立肾虚自然流产制模型。Th1型（TNF-αI、FN-γ）可能对妊娠有害,高表达有可能造成流产;Th2型（IL-4I、L-10）可能有利于妊娠,高表达维持妊娠。协同刺激因子CD80、CD86、CD28、CTLA-4表达与自然流产有关。     

栗山天牛及其天敌花绒寄甲空间分布的地统计学分析

本文用地统计学的方法研究了栗山天牛及其天敌花绒寄甲的空间分布规律,结果表明:栗山天牛与花绒寄甲均呈聚集性分布,而且栗山天牛分布较多的样地,花绒寄甲也较多,花绒寄甲与栗山天牛有较强的跟随效应。栗山天牛与花绒寄甲的空间分布模型为球状+指数套合模型。栗山天牛和花绒寄甲空间分布在四个方向的变程均在100 m左右,而且在四个方向均比较集中。栗山天牛在东西方向聚集度最高,超过了0.8,而花绒寄甲在南北方向聚集度最高,2008年达到0.8452,2009年达到0.7230。研究还表明,2008年人工释放花绒寄甲后,其成虫在林间逐渐扩散,聚集度下降。     

臭椿花器官分化的初步研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)和光镜(LM)对臭椿花序及花器官的分化和发育进行了初步研究,表明:1)臭椿花器官分化于当年的4月初,为圆锥花序;2)分化顺序为花萼原基、花冠原基、雄蕊原基和雌蕊原基。5个萼片原基的发生不同步,并且呈螺旋状发生;5个花瓣原基几乎同步发生且其生长要比雄蕊原基缓慢;雄蕊10枚,两轮排列,每轮5个原基的分化基本是同步的;雌蕊5,其分化速度较快;3)在两性花植株中,5个心皮顶端粘合形成柱头和花柱,而在雄株中,5个心皮退化,只有雄蕊原基分化出花药和花丝。本研究着重观察了臭椿中雄花及两性花发育的过程中两性花向单性花的转变。结果表明,臭椿两性花及单性花的形成在花器官的各原基上是一致的(尽管时间上有差异),雌雄蕊原基同时出现在每一个花器官分化过程中,但是,可育性结构部分的形成取决于其原基是否分化成所应有的结构:雄蕊原基分化形成花药与花丝,雌蕊原基分化形成花柱、柱头和子房。臭椿单性花的形成是由于两性花中雌蕊原基的退化所造成,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因在大肠杆菌中共表达

【目的】β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶都属于半纤维素酶,它们已经同时运用于工农业生产的许多领域。构建β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶共表达菌株并进行相关评价。【方法】通过设计一个共同的酶切位点,将菌株Bacillus subtilis BE-91中的β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶基因串联到表达载体pET28a(+)上,转化大肠杆菌构建了一株能够共表达β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的菌株B.pET28a-man-xyl。【结果】菌株诱导21 h后,发酵液中β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶的酶活分别为713.34 U/mL和1455.83 U/mL,是胞内酶活的11.8倍和2.53倍。【结论】SDS-PAGE分析、水解圈活性检测和胞外酶与胞内酶酶活检测表明:两个酶均以功能蛋白独立分泌到胞外。此外,与β-甘露聚糖酶和木聚糖酶单独酶解半纤维素相比,复合酶的酶解效果更好。菌株的成功构建为复合酶制剂(半纤维素酶制剂)的研究和生产奠定基础。     

FCRL3 Gene Polymorphisms Confer Autoimmunity Risk for Allergic Rhinitis in a Chinese Han Population

Background

Heredity and environmental exposures may contribute to a predisposition to allergic rhinitis (AR). Autoimmunity may also involve into this pathologic process. FCRL3 (Fc receptor-like 3 gene), a novel immunoregulatory gene, has recently been reported to play a role in autoimmune diseases.

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the potential association of FCRL3 polymorphisms with AR in a Chinese Han population.

Methods

Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms of FCRL3, rs945635, rs3761959, rs7522061, rs10489678 and rs7528684 were genotyped in 540 AR patients and 600 healthy controls using a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared between patients and controls using the χ2 test. The online software platform SHEsis was used to analyze their haplotypes.

Results

This study identified three strong risk SNPs rs7528684, rs10489678, rs7522061 and one weak risk SNP rs945635 of FCRL3 in Chinese Han AR patients. For rs7528684, a significantly increased prevalence of the AA genotype and A allele in AR patients was recorded. The frequency of the GG genotype and G allele of rs10489678 was markedly higher in AR patients than those in controls. For rs7522061, a higher frequency of the TT genotype, and a lower frequency of the CT genotype were found in AR patients. Concerning rs945635, a lower frequency of the CC genotype, and a higher frequency of G allele were observed in AR patients. According to the analysis of the three strong positive SNPs, the haplotype of AGT increased significantly in AR cases (AR = 38.8%, Controls = 24.3%, P = 8.29×10-14, OR [95% CI] 1.978 [1.652~2.368]).

Conclusions

This study found a significant association between the SNPs in FCRL3 gene and AR in Chinese Han patients. The results suggest these gene polymorphisms might be the autoimmunity risk for AR.     

Doped Copper Phthalocyanine via an Aqueous Solution Process for Normal and Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Great efforts toward developing novel and efficient hole‐transporting materials are needed to further improve the device efficiency and enhance the cell stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The poor film conductivity and the low carrier mobility of organic small‐molecule‐based hole‐transporting materials restrict their application in PSCs. This study develops an efficient and stable hole‐transporting material, tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F₄‐TCNQ)‐doped copper phthalocyanine‐3,4′,4′′,4′′′‐tetra‐sulfonated acid tetra sodium salt (TS‐CuPc) via a solution process, in planar structure PSCs. The p‐type‐doped TS‐CuPc film demonstrates improved film conductivity and hole mobility owing to the strong electron affinity of F₄‐TCNQ. By the F₄‐TCNQ tailoring, the composite film gives the highest occupied molecular orbital level as high as 5.3 eV, which is beneficial for hole extraction. In addition, the aqueous solution processed TS‐CuPc:F₄‐TCNQ precursor is almost neutral with good stability for avoiding the electrode erosion. As a result, the fabricated PSCs employing TS‐CuPc:F₄‐TCNQ as the hole‐transporting material exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 16.14% in a p–i–n structure and 20.16% in an n–i–p structure, respectively. The developed organic small molecule of TS‐CuPc provides the diversification of hole‐transporting materials in planar PSCs.     

Two MAPK-signaling pathways are required for mitophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to simply as autophagy) is a catabolic pathway that mediates the degradation of long-lived proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. The regulation of mitochondrial degradation through autophagy plays an essential role in the maintenance and quality control of this organelle. Compared with our understanding of the essential function of mitochondria in many aspects of cellular metabolism such as energy production and of the role of dysfunctional mitochondria in cell death, little is known regarding their degradation and especially how upstream signaling pathways control this process. Here, we report that two mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Slt2 and Hog1, are required for mitophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Slt2 is required for the degradation of both mitochondria and peroxisomes (via pexophagy), whereas Hog1 functions specifically in mitophagy. Slt2 also affects the recruitment of mitochondria to the phagophore assembly site (PAS), a critical step in the packaging of cargo for selective degradation.