铜胁迫对玉米幼苗生长、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的影响

本文研究了铜(Cu)胁迫下玉米(Zea mays)幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数和抗氧化酶活性的变化。研究结果表明, 5~20 μmol.L-1 Cu处理10天明显抑制玉米幼苗根系生长, 并减少玉米幼苗的干物重, 以及增加玉米幼苗地上部和根系含Cu量; 玉米幼苗吸收的Cu大部分积累在根系, 在地上部分布较少。Cu处理还降低玉米叶片的叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm、ETR、qP和qy值。在10天的Cu处理期间, 根系中SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性呈现先上升后下降的趋势。而叶片中的SOD、POD、CAT和GR活性在处理前期不受Cu胁迫的显著影响, 处理后期则因Cu胁迫而增强。实验表明抗氧化酶在抵御过量Cu引起的氧化胁迫中发挥了一定的作用。     

甘薯(Ipomoea batatas)叶光合作用“午睡”现象初探

在探讨叶片光合产物水平与光合机构运转关系时,我们曾观测到田间甘薯叶片干重增长速率日变化进程中有明显的中午降低即“午睡”现象(图1)。为了揭示这一现象的形成机理,在人工气候室作了以下一些研究。     

一个恢复力受单基因控制的水稻CMS育性回复突变体

利用￣（６０）Ｃｏ－γ射线对具有印尼水田谷细胞质的籼稻细胞质雄性不育系Ⅱ－３２Ａ干种子进行诱变处理,获得了一育性回复突变体Ｔ２４。育性基因未纯合的突变体分离出可育株和完全不育株,比例为３∶１;其与Ⅱ－３２Ａ和珍汕９７Ａ测交,Ｆ１代分离出１∶１的可育株和不育株。育性稳定株系与Ⅱ－３２Ａ和珍汕９７Ａ杂交,Ｆ２分离成３∶１的可育株和不育株。表明其育性回复是由一对基因显性突变所致。这一突变体对不育系的育性恢复机制不同于明恢６３、２０９６４等恢复系,后者表现为两对显性恢复基因作用。未观察到Ｔ２４与亲本Ⅱ－３２Ａ除育性以外的其他性状的差异,因而两者构成育性恢复基因的近等基因系。本文还对不育系育性回复类型和Ｔ２４的理论意义与育种价值进行了讨论。     

2001-2019年中国自然保护区生态环境质量时空变化特征及其驱动力

自然保护区对维护生物多样性,改善生态环境质量具有重要作用。然而,我国自然保护区生态环境质量变化及其对自然因素与人类活动的响应规律还不清晰,理解这些规律对我国的生态文明建设以及生物多样性的保护具有重要意义。基于2001—2019年中国历史高分辨率生态环境质量数据CHEQ数据集以及自然因素,利用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验以及多元回归残差分析等方法,探究了2001—2019年中国自然保护区的生态环境质量时空变化特征及其对自然因素与人类活动驱动因素的响应。结果表明：(1)我国自然保护区的CHEQ指数呈现多阶段波动变化,总体呈小幅度下降趋势,平均趋势率为-0.54×10^-3/a;在空间上,中国自然保护区CHEQ变化趋势值呈“南高北低,东高西低”的分布格局;(2)自然因素与人类活动的共同作用是我国自然保护区生态环境质量恶化的主要原因,且恶化区域主要分布在自然保护区的实验区和缓冲区。其中自然因素对我国自然保护区生态环境质量变化的影响在-3×10^-3/a—0/a之间,人类活动的影响在-1×10^-3     

卵泡抑素相关蛋白的病理生理功能

卵泡抑素相关蛋白(follistatin related protein,FRP)是一种细胞外基质糖蛋白,该蛋白参与细胞增殖、迁移、组织重塑、胚胎发育、细胞间相互作用及多种病理生理过程.近年研究显示,该蛋白同时具有抑制细胞凋亡和抑制细胞增殖的双重功能:在心肌缺血的动物模型中,FRP被证实有保护心肌细胞、抗凋亡、促进内皮细胞增殖等功能;FRP也可由血管平滑肌细胞合成分泌,并具有反馈调节平滑肌细胞功能的作用,该蛋白还可抑制多种肿瘤细胞增殖.     

超临界CO2技术萃取蛋黄磷脂

采用新型物理分离技术──超临界CO₂萃取法,提取天然蛋黄粉中的磷脂.在40MPa,先去除蛋黄粉中甘油三酯和胆固醇,再萃取磷脂.结果显示,磷脂纯度为95%,N/P比值为1.003,λ_max=214nm,薄层层析显示磷脂着色点清晰,并去除了绝大部分甘油三酯和胆固醇.此法操作简单、产品质量高、安全和不污染环境,还可得到天然纯蛋黄油和蛋白.     

Methylation-mediated miR-214 regulates proliferation and drug sensitivity of renal cell carcinoma cells through targeting LIVIN

LIVIN, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), is reported playing important roles in the development and progression of multiple human cancers. However, its underlined mechanisms in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are still needed to be clarified. In the present study, we reported that inhibition of miR-214 promoted the expression of LIVIN, then facilitated RCC cells growth and reduced the sensitivity of RCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. In constant, overexpression of miR-214 had contradictory effects. Further investigation showed that miR-214 was down-regulated in RCC because of abnormal methylation. In addition, DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, miR-214 and LIVIN are directly correlated in RCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that abnormal miR-214 methylation negatively regulates LIVIN, which may promote RCC cells growth and reduced the sensitivity of RCC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs.     

高碱性纤维素酶产生菌的筛选及鉴定

从化纤厂土样中分离得到菌株AC-4,碱性纤维素酶活力达0.602 IU/mL。通过分析菌株形态学特性、培养特征及16S rDNA序列,确定该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌。对该菌所产碱性纤维素酶的酶学性质进行测定,确定其最适作用pH为9.5,最适作用温度为50℃。     

Mutation of an essential glutamate residue in folylpolyglutamate synthetase and activation of the enzyme by pteroate binding

Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on Glu143, an essential amino acid in Lactobacillus casei folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS) and the structurally equivalent residue, Glu146, in Escherichia coli FPGS. Glu143 is positioned near the P-loop and interacts with the Mg(2+) of Mg NTP-binding proteins. We have solved the structure of the E143A mutant of L. casei FPGS in the presence of AMPPCP and Mg(2+). The structure showed a water molecule at the place where Mg(2+) bound to the wild type enzyme. Mutant proteins E143A, and even E143D and E143Q with conservative mutations, lacked enzyme activity and failed to complement the methionine auxotrophy of the E. coli folC mutant SF4, showing that Glu143 is an essential residue. Both the L. casei and the E. coli FPGS mutant proteins bound methylene-tetrahydrofolate diglutamate and dihydropteroate normally. The E. coli E146Q mutant FPGS bound ADP with the same affinity as the wild type enzyme but bound ATP with much lower affinity and had higher ATPase activity than the wild type enzyme. The mutant enzyme was defective in forming the acyl-phosphate reaction intermediate from ATP and dihydropteroate. The E. coli FPGS requires activation by dihydropteroate or tetrahydrofolate binding to allow full activity. In the absence of a pteroate substrate, only 30% of the total enzyme binds ATP. We suggest that dihydropteroate causes a conformational change to allow increased ATP binding. The mutant enzyme was similarly activated by dihydropteroate resulting in increased ADP binding.     

Fibroblast Activation Protein Overexpression and Clinical Implications in Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis

Objective

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) plays a vital role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Previous studies have reported its prognostic value in different tumors. However, the results of these reports remain controversial. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify this issue.

Methods

A search of the PubMed, Embase and CNKI databases was conducted to analyze relevant articles. The outcomes included the relations between FAP expression and histological differentiation, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and overall survival (OS). Sensitivity analysis by FAP expression in different cells and tumor types were further subjected to sensitivity analyses as subgroups. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were evaluated using the random-effects model.

Results

The global analysis included 15 studies concerning various solid tumors. For global analysis, FAP overexpression in tumor tissue displayed significant associations with poor OS and tumor progression (OS: HR = 2.18, P = 0.004; tumor invasion: OR = 4.48, P = 0.007; and lymph node metastasis: OR = 3.80, P = 0.004). The subgroup analyses yielded two notable results. First, the relation between FAP overexpression and poor OS and tumor lymph node metastasis was closer in the patients with FAP expression in tumor cells. Second, the pooled analyses of colorectal cancers or pancreatic cancers all indicated that FAP overexpression was associated with a detrimental OS (HR: 1.72, P = 0.009; HR: 3.18, P = 0.005, respectively). The magnitude of this effect was not statistically significant compared with that in patients with non-colorectal cancers or non-pancreatic cancers. These analyses did not display a statistically significant correlation between FAP expression and histological differentiation and distant metastasis in all of the groups.

Conclusions

FAP expression is associated with worse prognosis in solid tumors, and this association is particularly pronounced if FAP overexpression is found in the tumor cells rather than the stroma.