多重实时荧光PCR检测牛、山羊和绵羊源性成分

根据牛、山羊和绵羊线粒体细胞色素b基因序列, 设计特异性引物和以不同荧光素标记的Taqman探针。通过对PCR反应体系和反应条件的优化筛选, 建立能同时鉴别牛、山羊和绵羊源性成分的多重实时荧光PCR方法。采用本文方法与国标GB/T 20190-2006方法分别对17种不同源性动物DNA和200份不同来源样品DNA进行牛羊源性成分检测, 数据显示两者检测结果符合率达100%, 特异性相当。与国标方法相比, 本试验方法不需电泳、酶切和测序, 即可在一个PCR反应中同时鉴别检测牛、山羊和绵羊3种源性成分, 检测效率提高近3倍; 灵敏度更高, 比国标方法灵敏10倍; 适用性更广, 除了饲料, 还适用于肉品、奶品、生皮和动物油脂等动物产品的牛羊源性成分检测。     

城郊公路两侧主要森林类型铅含量及分布规律

对南京城郊３１２国道两侧主要森林类型林木不同器官中Ｐｂ含量和分布规律的研究表明,不同树种、同一树种不同器官中Ｐｂ含量有明显差异．火炬松对Ｐｂ污染的净化能力强于杉木、栎树．汽车尾气排放的Ｐｂ污染影响范围在离公路两侧１００ｍ以内,主要在４０ｍ以内范围．有林地土壤由于有林木及林下植被的覆盖,其Ｐｂ含量（尤其是表层０～２０ｃｍ范围内）明显降低,说明林分可有效地降低土壤中Ｐｂ的污染程度．林木不同器官对Ｐｂ尘的吸附率在１８０％～２８１％之间,以叶片吸附能力最强;不同树种比较,以松树吸附率为高     

清栓酶治愈10例急性肺栓塞报告

我们应用清栓酶对10例急性肺栓塞患者进行治疗观察,收到出人意料的临床效果,未发现明显的不良反应,提示该药溶栓、抗凝、止痛、止血等效果迅速、显著,确实。该药药源丰富,作用优于尿激酶,使用简便、安全,是治疗急性肺血栓病的一种颇有前途的新药。     

First evidence of epizoochorous seed dispersal by golden snub-nosed monkeys (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhinopithecus roxellana</Emphasis>) in temperate forest

Although many primates are identified as effective endozoochorous seed dispersers in forest ecosystems, epizoochorous seed dispersal by primates has generally been overlooked. In this study, we report epizoochorous seed dispersal in a group of free-ranging golden snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) residing in the temperate forests of central China by identifying seeds carried by 12 well-habituated individuals. The results showed a total of 1920 seeds (five families, seven genera) belonging to eight plant species attached to the monkeys’ fur; the three most abundant species were Geum aleppicum (54% of the total), Torilis japonica (17%), and Agrimonia pilosa (14%). The majority of seeds (95.3%) that attached to the monkeys’ fur had special morphologies such as hairs, hooks, or awns. We also found that the quantity of seeds attached to the fur was not significantly different by age-sex class, even though adult males have very long fur. Our study provides the first empirical evidence of epizoochorous seed dispersal by primates and suggests the role of primates in seed dispersal may be greater than previously assumed.     

AFP阴性与阳性肝细胞癌免疫组化和免疫电镜的比较性研究

目的比较性研究AFP阴性与阳性原发性肝细胞癌超微结构特征及AFP和Tn (Thomsen-Friedenreich-related antigen)蛋白表达及意义.方法 43例原发性肝细胞癌组织和5例正常肝组织分为三组:对照组(正常肝组织,5例);AFP阳性肝细胞癌组 (血清AFP>10ng/ml,22例);AFP阴性肝细胞癌组(血清AFP<10ng/ml,21例).应用透射电镜、免疫组织化学和细胞图象分析技术对AFP阴性与阳性肝癌细胞超微结构及AFP和Tn蛋白表达进行观察,并进行AFP和Tn蛋白免疫电镜标记.结果 1. 免疫组织化学结果显示:在AFP阴性肝细胞癌组癌细胞中(1)Tn蛋白表达强度(0.1498±0.0371)明显高于AFP阳性肝细胞癌组(0.0685±0.0156)(P<0.01);(2)AFP蛋白表达强度(0.1269±0.0347) 低于AFP阳性肝细胞癌组(0.1852±0.0234)(P<0.01).2.透射电镜观察:在AFP阴性组肝癌细胞中,癌细胞最突出的形态特征是胞质内细胞器大多十分简单,唯游离多聚核糖核蛋白体十分丰富.而在AFP阳性组肝癌细胞中,癌细胞胞质内细胞器相对较多,特别是粗面内质网尤为丰富.此外,线粒体及高尔基器也较明显.3.免疫电镜标记显示:AFP蛋白阳性标记主要位于粗面内质网,Tn蛋白阳性标记多位于游离多聚核糖核蛋白体,粗面内质网仅见有散在阳性分布.结论 (1)AFP和Tn蛋白在AFP阴性与阳性肝细胞癌组织中具有差异性分布特征,Tn蛋白有望成为AFP阴性肝细胞癌诊断辅助指标之一.(2)透射电镜和免疫电镜观察表明:AFP和Tn蛋白在肝癌细胞中的合成部位明显不同.     

Comparison of the effects of NaCl and KCl at the roots on seedling growth,cell death and the size,frequency and secretion rate of salt glands in leaves of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Limonium sinense</Emphasis>

Twenty days’ exposure to 50 or 100 mM NaCl in the rooting medium substantially increased fresh and dry weights of seedling shoots of the recretohalophyte Limonium sinense while 200 or 300 mM were increasingly inhibitory. KCl treatment was only slightly stimulating (50 mM) or strongly inhibitory (100–300 mM). Lesser effects on leaf area were also seen. Diameter of foliar salt glands was significantly larger than that of controls in 100 and 200 mM NaCl with the effect being reversed at higher concentrations. Gland enlargement was also observed in the presence of 100 mM KCl, while larger concentrations reduced gland size. Generally, gland diameter was larger in the presence of NaCl than in KCl. NaCl and KCl also increased gland number per leaf and secretion rate per gland. At 100 and 200 mM NaCl or KCl, Na⁺ secretion per leaf from NaCl-treated plants exceeded K⁺ secretion rate from KCl-treated plants while at 200 mM, Na⁺ secretion per gland was significantly higher for Na⁺ than for K⁺. Evidence of cell death in leaves of salt-treated plants using Evans blue staining indicates that release of cell contents through loss of membrane integrity contributed to the secretion values. We conclude that the greater tolerance of L. sinenseto to NaCl compared to KCl is linked to the more effective secretion of Na⁺ than of K⁺ and, in turn, to a greater stimulation of salt gland formation and activity and larger gland diameter.     

Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield in tartary buckwheat Yunqiao1

Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) has been praised as one of green foods for humans in the 21_st century. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of tartary buckwheat has not been yet reported in detail. Our experiment was set as a split-plot factorial. The main plots and subplots were designed by fertilizer ratio and rate as: NPK 1:1:1 (A1), NPK 1:4:2 (A2), NPK 1:2:3 (A3), and 300 (B1), 450 (B2), and 600 (B3) kg (NPK) ha^–1. Our results showed that the grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate (P _N), stomatal conductance (g _s), transpiration rate (E), PAR, stomatal limitation value (L_s), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf area index (LAI), while significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO₂ concentration (C _i) and water-use efficiency (WUE). The grain yield, P _N, g _s, E, PAR, L_s, SPAD, and LAI increased and then decreased with enhanced fertilization, and their maximum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. The C _i and WUE decreased and then increased with enhanced fertilization, and their minimum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. Our results suggested that fertilization had significant effects on the leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain yield of tartary buckwheat Yunqiao 1, and the best fertilization strategy was 450 kg ha^–1 with NPK 1:4:2.     

凋亡抑制基因livin与survivin在乳腺癌中的表达差异

目的探讨凋亡抑制基因livin在乳腺癌发生、发展中的作用及其与survivin基因的表达和乳腺癌生物学行为之间的关系。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测44例乳腺癌组织、40例癌旁正常组织及4个乳腺癌细胞系中livinmRNA和survivin mRNA的表达,并用免疫组化(IHC)EnVision法检测上述组织和细胞中livin和survivin蛋白的表达。结果livin mRNA和survivin mRNA在乳腺癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为72.7%(32/44)和61.4%(27/44),在癌旁正常组织中的阳性率分别为7.50%(3/40)和5.00%(2/40),二者在癌组织中的表达均显著高于在正常组织中的表达(P<0.01)。livin和survivin蛋白表达情况与mRNA结果相似(P<0.01)。livin和survivin在乳腺癌组织中的表达无显著相关性(P>0.05)。4个乳腺癌细胞系中均有survivin mRNA和蛋白的表达,而MCF-7及MDA-MB-435细胞系中呈阴性表达。survivin基因在伴有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中的表达明显高于无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织(P=0.0047),livin在雌激素受体(ER)阴性或者Her2/neu阳性表达的乳腺癌中的阳性率有升高的趋势,但并无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论livin和survivin基因在人乳腺癌组织中表达上调,提示其可能在乳腺癌发生、发展中起重要促进作用,sur-vivin和淋巴结转移的密切关系表明它的高表达可能反映患者较差的预后。livin和survivin基因一样可能成为乳腺癌治疗中的一个靶基因。