黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析

黑龙江五大连池处于大小兴安岭和松嫩平原的交错地带,在过去210万年间经历了7次大规模的火山喷发,是中国保存最为完好的内陆火山遗迹,2010年被我国政府遴选为世界自然遗产提名地.为了科学、准确地阐述五大连池生态方面的突出普遍价值,本文在<实施世界遗产公约操作指南>的框架下,整合野外调查数据和文献资料,在与其他相关世界遗产地充分比较的基础上,较为全面地分析了五大连池的生态价值.五大连池植物地理特征交错,区系来源广泛;物种组成相对丰富;发育在熔岩台地上的矮曲林反映了植物的特殊适应过程:特有成因形成了陆生和水生两个完整的植被演替序列;陆生植被演替同时存在普通演替和斑块动态演替两种模式,在熔岩地貌上斑块动态演替模式更为随机而高效.上述生态特征充分展示了五大连池正在进行的生物生态过程,体现了五大连池独特的生态价值,为后续有效保护和深入科学研究提供了支撑.     

CpG ODN对破骨细胞分化调控作用的研究进展

CpG ODN（CpG oligodeoxynucleotides）是一类可模拟细菌DNA免疫活性效应的寡脱氧核苷酸,其生物学功能受自身结构特征影响。特定序列的CpG ODN可通过与破骨细胞前体、前破骨细胞、成骨细胞表面的TLR9结合,调节RANKL、M-CSF、TNF-α、IL-12、TREM-2等细胞因子的表达水平,促进或抑制破骨细胞的形成与分化。本文就CpG ODN对破骨细胞（osteoclast,OC）分化调控作用的研究进展加以综述。     

CTAB-PEG DNA Extraction from Fungi with High Contents of Polysaccharides

Polysaccharides influence concentration and purity of extracted DNA. Here we present rapid and efficient protocol for DNA extraction from samples rich in polysaccharides. The technique has been developed using cultures of Schizophyllum commune and involves a modification of known Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) protocol. To remove polysaccharides, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 8000 was added during DNA precipitation. Genomic DNA obtained with the CTAB-PEG method had high integrity, with average fragment size >30 kb, the concentration higher than 100 ng/μL, and the yield more than 30 μg/g. Presented technique is suitable for DNA extraction from fungi, bacteria, archaea or even mollusks with high polysaccharide content.     

11例吸毒死亡法医学鉴定回顾性研究分析

目的：奉文时吸毒及体内藏毒死亡法医学尸体检验与鉴定中的相关问题进行回顾性研究。强调该类法医学鉴定中应该特别注意的问题。方法：将2003年初至2006年底昆明市及周边地区11例吸毒死亡法医学鏊定案例进行回顾性研究分析,同时对毒品作用机理、死亡原因、吸毒流行病学特征、吸毒死亡者的病理组织学特征、体内藏毒死亡特征、吸毒死亡法医学尸体检验与鉴定应注意的问题等进行论述。结果：吸毒或体内藏毒死亡的法医学尸体检验与鉴定具有一定的形态学特征,吸毒死亡法医学检验与鉴定工作具有相当的难度。结论：吸毒及体内藏毒死亡法医学尸体检验与鉴定,必须在充分进行尸体剖验的基础上并结合毒物检验、现场勘验、案情调查、临床表现和死亡经过等资料进行充分的案情研究并排除其他原因致死,才能得出正确的结论。     

Crystal structures of Nipah and Hendra virus fusion core proteins

The Nipah and Hendra viruses are highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that recently emerged from flying foxes to cause serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and Bangladesh. Their unique genetic constitution, high virulence and wide host range set them apart from other paramyxoviruses. These characteristics have led to their classification into the new genus Henpavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae and to their designation as Biosafety Level 4 pathogens. The fusion protein, an enveloped glycoprotein essential for viral entry, belongs to the family of class I fusion proteins and is characterized by the presence of two heptad repeat (HR) regions, HR1 and HR2. These two regions associate to form a fusion-active hairpin conformation that juxtaposes the viral and cellular membranes to facilitate membrane fusion and enable subsequent viral entry. The Hendra and Nipah virus fusion core proteins were crystallized and their structures determined to 2.2 A resolution. The Nipah and Hendra fusion core structures are six-helix bundles with three HR2 helices packed against the hydrophobic grooves on the surface of a central coiled coil formed by three parallel HR1 helices in an oblique antiparallel manner. Because of the high level of conservation in core regions, it is proposed that the Nipah and Hendra virus fusion cores can provide a model for membrane fusion in all paramyxoviruses. The relatively deep grooves on the surface of the central coiled coil represent a good target site for drug discovery strategies aimed at inhibiting viral entry by blocking hairpin formation.     

酿酒酵母代谢工程技术

自20世纪90年代初期诞生以来,代谢工程历经了30年的快速发展。作为代谢工程的首选底盘细胞之一,酿酒酵母细胞工厂已被广泛应用于大量大宗化学品和新型高附加值生物活性物质的生物制造,在能源、医药和环境等领域取得了巨大的突破。近年来,合成生物学、生物信息学以及机器学习等相关技术也极大地促进了代谢工程的技术发展和应用。文中回顾了近30年来酿酒酵母代谢工程重要的技术发展,首先总结了经典代谢工程的常用方法和策略,以及在此基础上发展而来的系统代谢工程和合成生物学驱动的代谢工程技术。最后结合最新技术发展趋势,展望了未来酿酒酵母代谢工程发展的新方向。     

引入非天然氨基酸胶原蛋白表达及交联成键的优化

微生物重组表达胶原蛋白来源清洁,同时具有序列设计灵活和高产量高纯度等优点,作为生物材料在组织工程等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而如何促进重组胶原分子交联,使其形成更加稳定的空间结构是设计重组胶原纳米材料需要克服的难点。文中通过双质粒系统将非天然氨基酸O-(2-溴乙基)-酪氨酸引入细菌胶原蛋白序列中,并对其发酵条件进行优化,结果表明在25 ℃下,以终浓度为0.5 mmol/L的IPTG和0.06%的阿拉伯糖诱导24 h可以获得高纯度含非天然氨基酸的胶原蛋白。将含非天然氨基酸的胶原蛋白与含半胱氨酸的胶原蛋白在pH为9.0的NH4HCO3缓冲液中进行交联,形成了最大分子粒径可达1 μm的聚集体,为重组胶原蛋白生物材料的设计提供了新思路。     

柱前衍生化HPLC法测定黄芪中黄芪甲苷的含量

目的：建立黄芪中黄芪甲苷的柱前衍化高效液相色谱测定法,并用该法对不同产地黄芪中黄芪甲苷的含量进行比较,方法：以吡啶－苯甲酰氯（２．５：１）为衍生化试剂,对黄芪甲苷分子中的羟基进行苯甲酰化,以甲醇－四氢呋喃－水（９０：４：６,０．２％三乙胺）为流动相,ＶＤ３为内标物,在２３０ｎｍ波长处检测。结果黄芪甲苷在０．００４－０．０８０ｍｇ．ｍＬ＾－１范围内呈线性,相关系数为０．９９９９,平均回收率为９４．７     

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans regulate autophagy in Drosophila

Heparan sulfate-modified proteoglycans (HSPGs) are important regulators of signaling and molecular recognition at the cell surface and in the extracellular space. Disruption of HSPG core proteins, HS-synthesis, or HS-degradation can have profound effects on growth, patterning, and cell survival. The Drosophila neuromuscular junction provides a tractable model for understanding the activities of HSPGs at a synapse that displays developmental and activity-dependent plasticity. Muscle cell-specific knockdown of HS biosynthesis disrupted the organization of a specialized postsynaptic membrane, the subsynaptic reticulum (SSR), and affected the number and morphology of mitochondria. We provide evidence that these changes result from a dysregulation of macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy). Cellular and molecular markers of autophagy are all consistent with an increase in the levels of autophagy in the absence of normal HS-chain biosynthesis and modification. HS production is also required for normal levels of autophagy in the fat body, the central energy storage and nutritional sensing organ in Drosophila. Genetic mosaic analysis indicates that HS-dependent regulation of autophagy occurs non-cell autonomously, consistent with HSPGs influencing this cellular process via signaling in the extracellular space. These findings demonstrate that HS biosynthesis has important regulatory effects on autophagy and that autophagy is critical for normal assembly of postsynaptic membrane specializations.     

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing a Schiff base moiety as potential antiviral agents

A series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing a Schiff base moiety were synthesized, characterised, and evaluated for their activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Biological assays indicated that several of the derivatives exhibited significant activity against TMV. In particularly, compounds 5y and 5aa displayed excellent inactivating activity against TMV, with half maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) values of 70.3 and 53.65?μg/mL, respectively, which were much better than that of ribavirin (150.45?μg/mL), and 5aa was superior to ningnanmycin (EC₅₀?=?55.35?μg/mL). Interactions of compounds 5y and 5aa with TMV coat protein (TMV-CP) were investigated using microscale thermophoresis and molecular docking. Compounds 5y and 5aa displayed strong binding capability to TMV-CP with dissociation constant (K_d) values of 22.6 and 9.8?μM, respectively. These findings indicate that pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives containing a Schiff base may be potential antiviral agents.