细菌生物被膜基质的研究进展

细菌生物被膜(biofilm)附着在生物或者非生物表面,由细菌及其分泌的糖、蛋白质和核酸等多种基质组成的细菌群落,是造成病原细菌持续性感染、毒力和耐药性的重要原因之一.细菌的生物被膜基质由复杂的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)构成,影响生物被膜的结构和功能.本文...     

Exogenous spermidine alleviates fruit granulation in a <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus</Emphasis> cultivar (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Huangguogan</Emphasis>) through the antioxidant pathway

The role of exogenous spermidine (Spd) in alleviating fruit granulation in the grafted seedlings of a Citrus cultivar (Huangguogan) was investigated. Granulation resulted in increased electrical conductivity, cell membrane permeability, and total pectin, soluble pectin, cellulose, and lignin contents. However, it decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, as well as the (Spd + Spm):Put ratio. The application of exogenous Spd onto Huangguogan seedlings significantly increased proline and ascorbate contents, but decreased the H₂O₂ and O ₂ ^?· levels, which suggested that exogenous Spd provided some protection from oxidative damage. In addition, exogenous Spd decreased cell membrane permeability and MDA content, and increased the (Spd + Spm):Put ratio. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, were increased in Spd-treated seedlings affected by fruit granulation, resulting in a decrease in oxidative stress levels. The protective effects of Spd were reflected by a decrease in superoxide levels through osmoregulation, increased proline and ascorbate contents, and increased antioxidant activities. Our observations reveal the importance of exogenous Spd in alleviating citrus fruit granulation.     

黄土高原退耕地的生态恢复

在刈割干扰下,黄土高原退耕地恢复进程中植被从沙蓬（Agriophyllum arenarium)单优群落向以达乌里胡枝子（Lespedeza davurica)为优势种的群落演替。物种增加速度初期快,后期慢,退耕后恢复初期的新增物种主要是沙蓬和白草（Pennisetum flaccidum);中前期主要是茵陈蒿（Artemisia capillaris),可成为群落的次优势种;中后期新增物种主要是多年生豆科植物,只是群落的伴生种,群落中1年生和多年生植物地上生物量分别以8.8%的年平均速率减少或增加,豆科植物地上生物量及所占比例上升,在退耕地恢复过程中,上层土壤中植物地下生物量比例与变化幅度增加,表现出浅层化趋势,退耕地恢复演替1-7年,土壤粘粒和粉粒减少,砂粒增加,7年后变化趋势相反,退耕地0-100cm土壤含水量在恢复期间呈逐渐上升趋势,中期增幅显著,全N和速效N在恢复前期减少,后期增加,在刈割利用下,退耕地恢复过程中土壤全P,速效P和有机C持续衰竭,退耕地恢复到当前稳定的群落所需时间分别为优势种群8-9年,群落9-11年和土壤11-12年。     

Eight SNPs of the Myf5 gene and diplotypes associated with growth and reproductive traits in Jinghai yellow chicken

The objective of this study was to analyze possible associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Myf5 gene with chicken growth and reproductive traits. SNPs in Myf5 of the Jinghai yellow chicken were detected by the polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism method and the haplotypes were analyzed. Eight SNPs were identified in the exons of Myf5. Nine haplotypes were established in a group of 379 Jinghai yellow chickens. In terms of growth traits, least square analysis showed that haplotype H1H5 had significant effects on weight at weeks 8 and 12 (P < 0.05). Haplotype H2H6 had significant effects on weight at weeks 12 and 14 (P < 0.05). For reproductive traits, H1H5 had higher body weight for the first egg than H1H4 and H2H4 (P < 0.05), and H1H3 (P < 0.01). H1H3 had a poor performance in average egg weight at 300 days. On the other hand, H1H3 had an advantage in egg number at 300 days. The results showed that SNPs of Myf5 have certain effects on growth and reproductive traits in Jinghai yellow chickens, which can be used in marker-assisted selection to accelerate chicken genetic progress.     

玉米素核苷的酶标免疫测定法

牛血清白蛋白-玉米素核苷(BSA-ZR)的兔抗血清对玉米素核苷具有很高的亲和性,而且专一性强,除了玉米素外,对其它一些细胞分裂素如激动素(KT)的交叉反应甚微。用辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)作为标记物的酶标免疫法,由于它的灵敏度高,相当于几十毫克量的样品就可以测出细胞分裂素的含量。测定范围在0.25—50pmol之间,测定范围较广。由于该方法专一性高,植物组织的粗提取物可以直接用于测定。避免了提取分离的繁琐程序,使得测定方法较简便、快速,可成批进行,适用于一般实验室。用该方法测得风信子(Hyacinthus orientalis L.)各部分的细胞分裂含量(以玉米素核苷计)在10—60×10~(-9)克/克鲜重,即10—60ng/g F.W.。     

香荚兰种子的无菌萌发试验

香荚兰(Vanilla planifolia)是兰科、香荚兰属植物,主产于湿热地区。香荚兰的果实是国际上重要的食用香料的原料。大约在1960年,我国引入香荚兰试栽。生产上,通常用扦插法繁殖;但如用种子繁殖,虽然结实较晚(约7至8年开始结实,较扦插苗晚4—5年),但结实期长,盛产期可维持约15年。而且,在杂交育种过程中,一定要用种子繁殖。     

Molecular replacement studies on crystal structure of allophycocyanin from red algaePorphyra yezoensis

Using the crystal structure of allophycocyanin from cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (APC-SP) as a search model, the crystal structure of allophycocyanin from red algae Porphyra yezoensis (APC-PY) has been studied by molecular replacement methods. The APC-PY crystals (Form 3) belong to the space group of R32, cell dimensions a = b = 10.53 nm, c = 18.94 nm, α =β = 90°, γ= 120°; there is one αβ monomer in each crystallographic asymmetric unit in the cell. The translation function search gave a unique peak with a correlation coefficient (Cc) of 67.0% and an R-factor of 36.1 % for reflection data from 1.0 to 0.4 nm. Using the results by molecular replacement, the initial model of APC-PY was built, and the coincidence of the chromophore in APC-PY initial model with its 2Fo-FC OMIT map further confirms the results by molecular replacement.     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of aluminum ions via complexation with luteolin in absolute ethanol

An optimized and validated spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the rapid determination of aluminum in absolute ethanol. The method is based on the chelation of aluminum and luteolin which results in a complex exhibiting an intense emission signal. The characterization of Al–luteolin complex was studied using ultraviolet–visible spectrometry, infrared spectrometry, fluorescence and mass spectrometry. The complex stoichiometry ratio of aluminum:luteolin was 1:2. The fluorescence of the complex was monitored at an emission wavelength of 545 nm with excitation at 518 nm. The linear concentration range was 6.5 × 10^‐7 to 4.0 × 10^‐5 M with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.998. The detection limit was 5.0 × 10^‐7 M. The method was appropriately validated and yielded relative standard deviations of < 2.3% (n = 5), which was considered acceptable. The method was successfully applied in the determination of aluminum in river water, skin care products and pharmaceutical samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.