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991.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) often leads to disability from vascular complications and neurological complications. Tinospora crispa has been widely used in Asia and Africa as a remedy for diabetes and other diseases. In this study, we investigated the hypoglycemic actions of borapetoside C isolated from T. crispa, and the mechanisms underlying its actions. Acute treatment with borapetoside C (5mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the elevated plasma glucose induced by oral glucose in normal and type 2 DM (T2DM) mice. Compared to the effect of injected insulin (0.5 IU/kg), borapetoside C caused a more prominent increase of glycogen content in skeletal muscle of T2DM mice, but a less increase in type 1 DM (T1DM) mice. Combined treatment of a low dose borapetoside C (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) plus insulin enhanced insulin-induced lowering of the plasma glucose level and insulin-induced increase of muscle glycogen content. Continuous treatment with 5mg/kg borapetoside C (twice daily) for 7 days increased phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR) and protein kinase B (Akt) as well as the expression of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) in T1DM mice. Combined treatment of a low dose borapetoside C (0.1mg/kg, twice daily) plus insulin for 7 days enhanced insulin-induced IR and Akt phosphorylation and GLUT2 expression in the liver of T1DM mice. This study proved that borapetoside C can increase glucose utilization, delayed the development of insulin resistance and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The activation of IR-Akt-GLUT2 expression and the enhancement of insulin sensitivity may contribute to the hypoglycemic action of borapetoside C in diabetic mice. 相似文献
992.
Qiaoping?Qin Quentin?Kaas Chi?Zhang Luping?Zhou Xiaoyan?Luo Mingbing?Zhou Xiaoming?Sun Lanlan?Zhang Kee-Yoeup?Paek Yongyi?CuiEmail author 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2012,31(2):139-155
Massive flowering of tropical Phalaenopsis orchids is coordinated by the cold-induced release of reproductive bud dormancy. Light and temperature are the two key factors
integrated by the dormancy mechanism to both stop and reactivate the meristem development of many other angiosperm species,
including fruit trees and ornamental plants. It is well established that leaves and roots play a major role in inducing flower
development; however, currently, knowledge of molecular events associated with reproductive bud dormancy release in organs
other than the bud is limited. Using differential gene expression, we have shown that the leaves of a hybrid of Phalaenopsis species, Doritaenopsis ‘Tinny Tender’, undergo major metabolic modifications. These changes result in the production of sucrose and amino acids,
both of which can sustain bud outgrowth, and auxin and ethylene, which may play important roles in awaking the dormant buds.
Intake of abscisic acid and synthesis of the hormone jasmonate may also explain the inhibition of vegetative growth that coincides
with bud growth. Interestingly, many genes that were upregulated by cold treatment are homologous for genes involved in flower
induction and vernalization in Arabidopsis, indicating that processes regulating flowering induction and those regulating reproductive bud dormancy release may use
similar pathways and effector molecules. 相似文献
993.
Roca H Craig MJ Ying C Varsos ZS Czarnieski P Alva AS Hernandez J Fuller D Daignault S Healy PN Pienta KJ 《Journal of cellular biochemistry》2012,113(5):1569-1580
Interleukin (IL)-4 plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses and has been detected at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of cancer patients where it correlates with the grade of malignancy. The direct effect of IL-4 on cancer cells has been associated with increased cell survival; however, its role in cancer cell proliferation and related mechanisms is still unclear. Here it was shown that in a nutrient-depleted environment, IL-4 induces proliferation in prostate cancer PC3 cells. In these cells, under nutrient-depletion stress, IL-4 activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including Erk, p38, and JNK. Using MAP-signaling-specific inhibitors, it was shown that IL-4-induced proliferation is mediated by JNK activation. In fact, JNK-inhibitor-V (JNKi-V) stunted IL-4-mediated cell proliferation. Furthermore, it was found that IL-4 induces survivin up-regulation in nutrient-depleted cancer cells. Using survivin-short-hairpin-RNAs (shRNAs), it was demonstrated that in this milieu survivin expression above a threshold limit is critical to the mechanism of IL-4-mediated proliferation. In addition, the significance of survivin up-regulation in a stressed environment was assessed in prostate cancer mouse xenografts. It was found that survivin knockdown decreases tumor progression in correlation with cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, under nutrient depletion stress, IL -4 could induce proliferation in cancer cells from multiple origins: MDA-MB-231 (breast), A253 (head and neck), and SKOV-3 (ovarian). Overall, these findings suggest that in a tumor microenvironment under stress conditions, IL-4 triggers a simultaneous activation of the JNK-pathway and the up-regulation of survivin turning on a cancer proliferation mechanism. 相似文献
994.
MacEntee MI Mariño R Wong S Kiyak A Minichiello V Chi I Lo EC Huancai L 《Gerodontology》2012,29(2):e822-e832
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00568.x Discussions on oral health care among elderly Chinese immigrants in Melbourne and Vancouver Background: This study explored how elderly Chinese immigrants value and relate to how acculturation influences oral health and subsequent service use. Methods: Elders who had immigrated to Melbourne and Vancouver within the previous 15 years were recruited from local community centres and assigned to focus groups of 5–7 participants in Vancouver (4 groups) or Melbourne (5 groups). Results: Following an iterative process of thematic analysis, the discussions revealed that immigrants care about the comfort and appearance of their teeth, and they value Western dentistry as a supplement to traditional remedies, but they have difficulty getting culturally sensitive information about oral health care. Accessing dentistry, they explained, is distressing because of language problems and financial costs that impose on their children. Consequently, many immigrants obtain dental treatment in China when they return for occasional visits. They felt that separation of dentistry from national health care programmes in Canada and Australia disregards natural links between oral health and general health. Conclusions: The similarity of concerns in both cities suggests that dissemination of information and availability of services are the important themes influencing oral health, and that, beliefs developed over a lifetime play an important role in interpreting oral health in the host country. 相似文献
995.
CD Chiang CL Lewis MD Wright S Agapova B Akers TD Azad K Banerjee P Carrera A Chen J Chen X Chi J Chiou J Cooper M Czurylo C Downs SY Ebstein PG Fahey JW Goldman A Grieff S Hsiung R Hu Y Huang A Kapuria K Li I Marcu SH Moore AC Moseley N Nauman KM Ness DM Ngai A Panzer P Peters EY Qin S Sadhu A Sariol A Schellhase MB Schoer M Steinberg G Surick CA Tsai K Underwood A Wang MH Wang VM Wang D Westrich LJ Yockey L Zhang ED Herzog 《Journal of biological rhythms》2012,27(4):333-336
Although chronobiology is of growing interest to scientists, physicians, and the general public, access to recent discoveries and historical perspectives is limited. Wikipedia is an online, user-written encyclopedia that could enhance public access to current understanding in chronobiology. However, Wikipedia is lacking important information and is not universally trusted. Here, 46 students in a university course edited Wikipedia to enhance public access to important discoveries in chronobiology. Students worked for an average of 9 h each to evaluate the primary literature and available Wikipedia information, nominated sites for editing, and, after voting, edited the 15 Wikipedia pages they determined to be highest priorities. This assignment (http://www.nslc.wustl.edu/courses/Bio4030/wikipedia_project.html) was easy to implement, required relatively short time commitments from the professor and students, and had measurable impacts on Wikipedia and the students. Students created 3 new Wikipedia sites, edited 12 additional sites, and cited 347 peer-reviewed articles. The targeted sites all became top hits in online search engines. Because their writing was and will be read by a worldwide audience, students found the experience rewarding. Students reported significantly increased comfort with reading, critiquing, and summarizing primary literature and benefited from seeing their work edited by other scientists and editors of Wikipedia. We conclude that, in a short project, students can assist in making chronobiology widely accessible and learn from the editorial process. 相似文献
996.
环境因子对黄海南部春季帆张网小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇渔获分布的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
帆张网渔业是黄海南部重要的渔业捕捞方式之一.本文根据2006-2009年春季黄海南部帆张网的渔获数据,利用广义线性模型(GLM)和广义加性模型(GAM)定量研究了年份、位置、水深和海水表层温度(SST)对小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇渔获量分布的影响.结果表明:GAM模型较GLM模型可以更好地解释小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)时空分布与环境因子之间的关系.小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇CPUE呈显著负相关,小黄鱼CPUE呈现由北向南沿纬度方向逐渐减小的趋势,尤其在长江口周围较小;黄鮟鱇CPUE在长江口附近也较小.SST对小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇CPUE的影响显著,小黄鱼和黄鮟鱇适宜表温范围分别为9~11℃和9~14℃. 相似文献
997.
998.
999.
自芝麻香型白酒高温大曲中分离到一株嗜热放线菌Zm60,对其进行形态学、生理生化代谢特征鉴定、化学成分分析以及细胞代谢酶活性测定,并结合16S rRNA基因序列分子生物学鉴定及系统发育学分析,结果表明,该菌株归属于高温放线菌属(Thermoactinomyces sp.),并且可鉴定为普通高温放线菌(Thermoactinomyces vulgaris).其最适生长温度为55℃,细胞壁肽聚糖及氨基酸分别为meso-DAP及Ala、Glu,醌为MK-7,主要脂肪酸组成分别为iso-C15∶0(44.01%)、anteiso-C15∶0(22.23%)、iso-C17∶0(14.16%)、anteiso-C17∶0(7.56%)和iso-C16∶0(6.18%),具有碱性磷酸盐酶、酯酶、类脂酯酶及萘酚-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶的活性.该菌株是首次从我国芝麻香型白酒高温大曲中分离并鉴定得到的高温放线菌. 相似文献
1000.
Lee SY Kim JH Jung H Chi SW Chung SJ Lee CK Park BC Bae KH Park SG 《Journal of microbiology and biotechnology》2012,22(4):571-573
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G-3-P), the substrate of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), is a key intermediate in several metabolic pathways. Recently, we reported that G-3-P directly inhibits caspase-3 activity in a reversible noncompetitive mode, suggesting the intracellular G-3-P level as a cell fate decision factor. It has been known that apoptotic stimuli induce the generation of NO, and NO S-nitrosylates GAPDH at the catalytic cysteine residue, which confers GAPDH the ability to bind to Siah-1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The GAPDH-Siah-1 complex is translocated into the nucleus and subsequently triggers the apoptotic process. Here, we clearly showed that intracellular G-3-P protects GAPDH from S-nitrosylation at above a certain level, and consequently maintains the cell survival. In case G-3-P drops below a certain level as a result of exposure to specific stimuli, G-3-P cannot inhibit S-nitrosylation of GAPDH anymore, and consequently GAPDH translocates with Siah-1 into the nucleus. Based on these results, we suggest that G-3-P functions as a molecule switch between cell survival and apoptosis by regulating S-nitrosylation of GAPDH. 相似文献