全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15175篇 |
免费 | 1164篇 |
国内免费 | 1173篇 |
专业分类
17512篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 32篇 |
2023年 | 177篇 |
2022年 | 463篇 |
2021年 | 830篇 |
2020年 | 494篇 |
2019年 | 606篇 |
2018年 | 634篇 |
2017年 | 533篇 |
2016年 | 628篇 |
2015年 | 903篇 |
2014年 | 1086篇 |
2013年 | 1213篇 |
2012年 | 1414篇 |
2011年 | 1272篇 |
2010年 | 783篇 |
2009年 | 693篇 |
2008年 | 760篇 |
2007年 | 634篇 |
2006年 | 611篇 |
2005年 | 497篇 |
2004年 | 446篇 |
2003年 | 337篇 |
2002年 | 351篇 |
2001年 | 312篇 |
2000年 | 255篇 |
1999年 | 253篇 |
1998年 | 174篇 |
1997年 | 134篇 |
1996年 | 136篇 |
1995年 | 131篇 |
1994年 | 143篇 |
1993年 | 92篇 |
1992年 | 98篇 |
1991年 | 71篇 |
1990年 | 66篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 56篇 |
1987年 | 31篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 23篇 |
1983年 | 13篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1933年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Xiaolian Gu Ping Zhuang Feng Zhao Xiaotao Shi Xiaorong Huang Guangpeng Feng Tao Zhang Jianyi Liu Longzhen Zhang Boyd Kynard 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》2017,100(1):27-33
Experiments were conducted in artificial stream tanks with juvenile Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, captured in the Yangtze Estuary to test two null hypotheses (1) juveniles have no preference for white or black substrates, and (2) white or black substrate color has no effect on juvenile feeding efficiency on the barcheek goby,Rhinogobius giurinus, a dark-colored prey of wild juveniles. Juveniles strongly preferred white substrate. However, in feeding tests, feeding efficiency by juveniles was similar on white or black substrates. Thus, substrate color had no effect on feeding efficiency. Results suggest the innate preference for white substrate is not a visual adaptation for capturing prey on a contrasting background, but is an adaptation predisposing juveniles to seek light-colored sandy substrate where forage abundance is greatest. 相似文献
102.
中国猕猴桃属植物叶表皮毛策形态特征及数量分类分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
选取国产猕猴桃35个分类群的代表植株,应用光学显微对其新鲜叶表皮毛的微形态特征,形体大小、细胞结构、分布和密度等多态性状和数量性状进行了观察和测量,该属植物的叶表皮毛微形态特征可归纳为6个类型:1)单细胞毛;2)单列多细胞毛,每形单列毛、泡状单列毛、扭曲毛、直壁单列毛、曲壁单列毛;3)多列渐尖毛和急尖毛,包括多列曲壁渐尖毛和急尖毛,多列直壁渐尖毛和急尖毛;4)多列粗毛,包括柱状毛,多列渐尖粗毛,多 相似文献
103.
Conversion of 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) from 1,3-propanediol (PDO) was improved by expressing dehydratase gene (dhaT) and aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (aldD) of Pseudomonas putida KT2442 under the promoter of phaCAB operon from Ralstonia eutropha H16. Expression of these genes in Aeromonas hydrophila 4AK4 produced up to 21 g/L 3HP in a fermentation process. To synthesize homopolymer poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (P3HP), and copolymer poly(3-hydroxypropionate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HP4HB), dhaT and aldD were expressed in E. coli together with the phaC1 gene encoding polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene of Ralstonia eutropha, and pcs' gene encoding the ACS domain of the tri-functional propionyl-CoA ligase (PCS) of Chloroflexus aurantiacus. Up to 92 wt% P3HP and 42 wt% P3HP4HB were produced by the recombinant Escherichia coli grown on PDO and a mixture of PDO+1,4-butanediol (BD), respectively. 相似文献
104.
1α羟化酶活性和血钙水平对24羟化酶基因表达的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的:研究肾脏24羟化酶基因表达的影响因素。方法:采用两种基因敲除小鼠。每种小鼠又分两种饲养方式。用生化分析仪测定小鼠血钙浓度。用半定量RT-PCR法研究小鼠肾脏组织中1α羟化酶和24羟化酶基因的表达。结果:1α羟化酶基因敲除小鼠体内血钙低于野生型小鼠(78±10.4 mg/Lvs111±16.5 mg/L,P<0.05.),测不出24羟化酶基因表达。维生素D受体基因敲除小鼠有很高的1α羟化酶表达,小鼠血钙也显著低于野生型小鼠(68±9.8 mg/Lvs111±16.5 mg/L,P<0.05),测不出24羟化酶表达。但给予高乳糖饲料后,两种基因敲除小鼠血钙都上升到与野生型小鼠一致水平。此时,24羟化酶基因的表达与野生型也基本一致。结论:血钙是调节24羟化酶基因表达的直接因素,1α羟化酶对24羟化酶的正向调节作用是通过升高血钙来实现的。 相似文献
105.
106.
耐氧双歧杆菌及其B-CW对荷瘤鼠TNF-α的体内诱导 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
本文采用放射免疫方法(RIA),检测荷S180肿瘤小鼠外周血中TNF-α的含量,观察双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)及其细菌壁(CelWalsofBifidobacterium,B-CW)的免疫调节作用,探讨其抗肿瘤机制。结果表明该菌及其B-CW均可明显地促进机体产生TNF-α,发挥抗肿瘤作用 相似文献
107.
Shi K Hayashida K Kaneko M Hashimoto J Tomita T Lipsky PE Yoshikawa H Ochi T 《Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)》2001,166(1):650-655
A unique feature in inflammatory tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the formation of ectopic lymphoid aggregates with germinal center (GC)-like structures that can be considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, because local production of the autoantibody, rheumatoid factor, is thought to be a causative factor in tissue damage. However, the factors governing the formation of GC in RA are presently unknown. To begin to address this, the expression of B cell attracting chemokine (BCA-1) (CXCL13), a potent chemoattractant of B cells, was examined in the synovium of patients with RA or with osteoarthritis (OA). Expression of BCA-1 mRNA was detected in all RA samples, but in only one of five OA samples. Lymphoid follicles were observed in four of seven RA samples and in two of eight OA samples, and in most of them BCA-1 protein was detected in GC. BCA-1 was not detected in tissues lacking lymphoid follicles. Notably, BCA-1 was detected predominantly in follicular dendritic cells in GC. CD20-positive B cells were aggregated in regions of BCA-1 expression, but not T cells or macrophages. These data suggest that BCA-1 produced by follicular dendritic cells may attract B cells and contribute to the formation of GC-like structures in chronic arthritis. 相似文献
108.
Construction of a recombinant BHV-1 expressing the VP1 gene of foot and mouth disease virus and its immunogenicity in a rabbit model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xian-Gang Ren Fei Xue Yuan-Mao Zhu Guang-Zhi Tong Yan-Hui Wang Jun-Ke Feng Hong-Fei Shi Yu-Ran Gao 《Biotechnology letters》2009,31(8):1159-1165
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) are two important infectious diseases of cattle.
Using bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) as a gene delivery vector for development of live-viral vaccines has gained widespread
interest. In this study, a recombinant BHV-1 was constructed by inserting the synthetic FMDV (O/China/99) VP1 gene in the
the gE locus of BHV-1 genome under the control of immediately early gene promoter of human cytomegalovirus (phIE CMV) and
bovine growth hormone polyadenylation (BGH polyA) signal. After homologous recombination and plaque purification, a recombinant
virus named BHV-1/gE−/VP1 was acquired and identified. The immunogenicity was confirmed in a rabbit model by virus neutralization test and enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The result indicated that the BHV-1/gE−/VP1 has the potential for being developed as a bivalent vaccine for FMD and IBR. 相似文献
109.
猕猴属五个种mtDNA多态性研究 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:15
本文以10种限制性内切酶研究猕猴属5个种(Macaca mulatta.M.nemestrina.M.assemensis.M.thibetana,M arctoides)线粒体DNA进化。在13个个体中,共检出8种限制性类型。恒河猴种内存在广泛的线粒休DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)。结合日本猴(M.fuscata)的有关资料,构建了猕猴属6个种的分子系统树,并给出各个种的分化时间。结果表明,这6个种可分成4个类群,熊猴和藏酋猴、恒河猴和日本猴之间的遗传距离较近,可分别划为同一类群,红面猴与其他5种猴的遗传距离最远,在系统发生上分离最早。 相似文献