Swelling behaviour of alginate–chitosan microcapsules prepared by external gelation or internal gelation technology

Swelling behaviour is one of the important properties for microcapsules made by hydrogels, which always affects the diffusion and release of drugs when the microcapsules are applied in drug delivery systems. In this paper, alginate–chitosan microcapsules were prepared by different technologies called external or internal gelation process respectively. With the volume swelling degree (S_w) as an index, the effect of properties of chitosan on the swelling behaviour of both microcapsules was investigated. It was demonstrated that the microcapsules with low molecular weight and high concentration of chitosan gave rise to low S_w. Considering the need of maintaining drug activity and drug loading, neutral pH and short gelation time were favorable. It was also noticed that S_w of internal gelation microcapsules was lower than that of external gelation microcapsules, which was interpreted by the structure analysis of internal or external gelation Ca–alginate beads with the aid of confocal laser scanning microscope.     

苏州地区野生黄颡鱼寄生虫多样性及其寄生特性

2002年2～9月对苏州地区野生黄颡鱼寄生虫进行了系统调查,发现其体内外寄生虫共有37种,分别隶属于5门11纲14目22科28属,其中原生动物门13种,占所有寄生虫的35．1％;扁形动物门15种,占40．5％;线形动物门5种,占13．5％;节肢动物门3种,占8．1％;环节动物门1种,占2．7％。从不同体长组黄颡鱼的寄生虫感染率和平均感染强度变化以及季节变化的结果表明,黄颡鱼对许多淡水寄生虫易感,而且吸虫与纤毛虫是苏州地区黄颡鱼的主要寄生虫。研究还发现,当黄颡鱼体长超过20cm时,寄生虫的感染程度显著减弱。     

长江干流圆筒吻(鱼句)的年龄与生长

根据551尾标本研究了生活在长江干流中圆筒吻(鱼句)的年龄与生长,并提出了资源合理利用建议.圆筒吻(鱼句)的鳞片可作为年龄鉴定的依据,年轮形成期主要在2～5月.圆筒吻(鱼句)的体长与鳞长呈直线关系,与体重呈幂指数关系,生长适合Von Bertalanffy生长方程.在1～2龄生长最快,为保护圆筒吻(鱼句)资源,应限捕体长200 mm以下的个体.     

白曲霉工程菌TR12循环转化酒精废液研究

在含固体残渣8％的酒精废液中,加入尿素2g／L、玉米浆2mL／L,经接种白曲霉基因工程菌TRl2菌株,在32℃摇床培养70h后,可获得含糖化酶246U／mL和耐酸性α-淀粉酶13．42U／mL的转化液。转化液直接循环利用于无蒸煮酒精发酵配料工序,不仅不影响酒精生产的产量和质量,而且能有效地减轻环境污染压力,节约水资源,降低生产成本。     

种子发育相关基因的研究进展

种子发育是被子植物繁殖的中心环节,涉及众多基因及其互作.新近的研究集中在雌雄基因组的差异表达、后生过程的控制机理和发育调控网络等方面.对胚和胚乳发育相关基因的研究,可使人们在分子水平上解析种子发育和无融合生殖的分子机制,更有效地开展植物种子产量和品质改良的基因工程.     

股骨头负重区松质骨的压缩力学特性

本文对19具新鲜青年(30左右)尸体股骨负重区的松质骨进行了压缩测试,测算并提供了一组松质骨弹性模量,极限应力,应变,屈服载荷及能量吸收值。试验表明松质骨力学性能主要缓解外力冲击加压。     

Study on bioactivity of extracts from marine sponges in Chinese Sea

The bioactivity screening of fractions from two inter-tidal sponges collected from the north of China Yellow Sea and one sponge collected from the South Chinese Sea was reported in this study. In sponge Hymeniacidon perleve there were 9 fractions out of 15 from CHCl₃ extract with anti Staphylococcus aureus activity, 9 fractions out of 19 from BuOH extract with anti Escherichia coli activity, and three fractions from CHCl₃ extract which had moderate to strong activity in inhibiting Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergilus niger. The fractions of Reniochalina sp. showed bioactivity against bacteria and fungi. The fractions of Acanthella acuta Schmidt showed bioactivity against S. aureus and fungi. One compound from H. perleve obtained by the bioactively directing isolation was tested for bioactivity against the human hepatoma cell line Qgy7701 (IC₅₀ 10.1 μg/ml), Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji (IC₅₀ 9.76 μg/ml) and chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 (IC₅₀ 1.90 μg/ml).     

裳卷蛾变形孢虫SSU rRNA核心序列的克隆与系统发育分析

[目的]利用分子生物学手段探索裳卷蛾变形孢虫的遗传发育地位.[方法]微孢子虫的SSUrRNA序列是构建系统发育进化树的重要工具.试验通过T-A克隆法对裳卷蛾变形孢虫(Vairimorphaceraces)SSU rRNA核心序列进行了克隆,并采用近邻法构建了系统发育进化树.[结果]克隆得到了长为1228bp的核苷酸序列(GenBank EU267796).系统发育分析结果表明:裳卷蛾变形孢虫与分离于小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的Vairimorpha sp.Germany(GenBank AF124331)和Vairimorphaimperyecta(GenBank AJ131645)相似性最高,它们在系统发育进化树中与寄主为鳞翅目昆虫的Nosema属聚为一类,与纳卡变形孢虫(Vairimorpha necatrix)为代表的Vairimorpha属为相邻集.[结论]结合其生物学特征,裳卷蛾变形孢虫确实为Vairimorph a属的成员,但根据系统发育分析归入Nosematidae科可能更为合适.     

Y-chromosomal diversity in Lebanon is structured by recent historical events

Lebanon is an eastern Mediterranean country inhabited by approximately four million people with a wide variety of ethnicities and religions, including Muslim, Christian, and Druze. In the present study, 926 Lebanese men were typed with Y-chromosomal SNP and STR markers, and unusually, male genetic variation within Lebanon was found to be more strongly structured by religious affiliation than by geography. We therefore tested the hypothesis that migrations within historical times could have contributed to this situation. Y-haplogroup J*(xJ2) was more frequent in the putative Muslim source region (the Arabian Peninsula) than in Lebanon, and it was also more frequent in Lebanese Muslims than in Lebanese non-Muslims. Conversely, haplogroup R1b was more frequent in the putative Christian source region (western Europe) than in Lebanon and was also more frequent in Lebanese Christians than in Lebanese non-Christians. The most common R1b STR-haplotype in Lebanese Christians was otherwise highly specific for western Europe and was unlikely to have reached its current frequency in Lebanese Christians without admixture. We therefore suggest that the Islamic expansion from the Arabian Peninsula beginning in the seventh century CE introduced lineages typical of this area into those who subsequently became Lebanese Muslims, whereas the Crusader activity in the 11(th)-13(th) centuries CE introduced western European lineages into Lebanese Christians.