In vivo sequence variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope gp120: association of V2 extension with slow disease progression.

According to the rate of depletion of CD4 cell counts, we grouped 12 cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection as 6 rapid (21.0 to 33.8 cells per microl per month) and 6 slow (0.9 to 7.9 cells per microl per month) progressors and determined the individual viral quasispecies patterns by sequencing the genome region encoding the V1, V2, and V3 loops of envelope protein. Although the quasispecies structures varied widely from one individual to another, a strong correlation was observed between a low rate of disease progression and a high degree of genetic diversity of HIV-1. Furthermore, the V2 loop extension was observed specifically in individuals with slow or no disease progression, whereas basic amino acid substitutions in V3 characteristic of a viral phenotype shift from non-syncytium inducing to syncytium inducing were observed in patients with advanced stages of disease regardless of their rate of disease progression. Studies with recombinant viruses suggested that elongation of V2 potentially restricts the capacity of HIV-1 to replicate in macrophages. Thus, our results suggest the association of distinct sequence features of both V3 and V2 with particular patterns of disease progression. Elongation of the V2 loop may be a good predictor of slow disease progression, while basic substitutions of V3 without elongation of V2 are characteristic of rapid progression.     

Experimental study and mechanism analysis on bioeffects by nanosecond electromagnetic pulses

The athermal bioeffects caused by nanosecond electromagnetic pulses with body cells was studied by using a broad band transverse EM-wave cell (BTEM CELL). The experimental system and preliminary mechanism analysis were presented.     

Regression of hypoxic hypertension-induced changes in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries

Liu, S. Q. Regression of hypoxic hypertension-inducedchanges in the elastic laminae of rat pulmonary arteries.J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5):1677-1684, 1997.The elastic laminae of the pulmonary arteries(PAs) undergo a progressive structural change in hypoxic hypertension.This study focused on the reversibility of altered PA elastic laminaeof the rat due to hypoxic hypertension. The structure andcross-sectional area of the PA medial elastic laminae were examined byusing electron-microscopic and image-analytic approaches duringrecovery from 12 h and 10 days of hypoxic hypertension. At 12 h ofhypoxic hypertension, the elastic laminae, which appeared homogeneousin normal control animals, were reorganized into structures composed ofrandomly oriented filaments, with an increase in the cross-sectionalarea of 70%. At 10 days of hypoxic hypertension, the elastic laminaeappeared homogeneous in structure and normal in cross-sectional areadespite continuous exposure to hypoxia. During recovery from 12 h ofhypoxic hypertension, the medial elastic laminae regained theirhomogeneous structure and normal cross-sectional area afterday 2. During recovery from 10 days ofhypoxic hypertension, the medial elastic laminae changed from homogeneous to filamentous structures, with a progressively altered cross-sectional area that increased by 89% from recoveryday 0 to day10 and returned to the normal level onday 30. These changes were associatedwith alterations in the PA wall tensile stress. These results indicatedthat structural changes in the PA elastic laminae were reversible andthat the regression process depended on the duration of exposure tohypoxia, the state of the elastic laminae, and possibly the tensilestress level in the PA wall.

     

食用菌灭活原生质体电融合及属间融合产物的鉴定分析

食用菌因其显著的营养、保健、药用及综合利用价值受到世人青睐。原生质体融合技术则为食用菌的育种和遗传学研究提供了一条很好的途径。食用菌的种内、种间乃至属间、目间的原生质体融合均已有过报道,但这些工作大多利用营养缺陷型标记的亲株,采用化学融合法完成。这种融合的效率较低,对亲株的标记繁琐费时,甚至会对菌株性状产生不良影响。最近,一种具有较高融合效率的物理融合法——电融合法以及非遗传性标记法分别被一些研究者所采用。本研究将原生质体电融合法与灭活标记法相结合来获得食用菌的属间融合产物,并采用包括同工酶分析和RAPD(或AP-PCR)方法在内的分子生物学方法,对食用菌属间杂交后代的遗传学特性进行初步探讨。1 材料和方法     

中国Btken-Ag的特性及其杀虫毒肽的研究

苏芸金芽孢杆菌肯尼亚亚种Ag株(Bacillus thuringiensis serovar.kenyae strainAg,以下简称为Btken-Ag)是血清型H4a-4c中对棉铃虫、粘虫等多种夜蛾科害虫具有高毒力的优良品系,经生理生化、H抗原、酯酶谱、抗生谱和质粒谱等性状比较分析,与标准株肯尼亚亚种023大体相同,但其质粒谱及伴孢晶体多肽组分与023明显有别.该菌株伴孢晶体多形,其主要杀虫成分为61000多肽,经ELISA同源分析,此毒肽与同血清型中的023、7501晶体蛋白高度同源,与商品生产株H3a-3b—HD-1株部分同源,与对蚊虫高效的H14-1897及球形芽孢杆菌Ts-1无同源性.此外,对H4中10株相关株、H7-5、HD-1及1897共13株进行了对棉铃虫、粘虫及蚊虫的杀虫毒力比较测定,其中Btken-Ag的优选株H4-1及b1-4对棉铃虫的毒力高于023株及HD-1株.     

嗜热链霉菌的一个新种和一个新亚种

在研究太原地区棉籽壳的微生物区系中,从棉籽壳发酵料中经50℃培养分离到5株嗜热链霉菌,经鉴定为嗜热链霉菌的一个新种和一个新亚种:热深蓝紫链霉菌(Streptomycesthermoatrocyaneoviolaceus)、热深蓝紫链霉菌太原亚种(Streptomyces thermoatrocyaneoviola-ceus subsp.taiyuanensis).     

A Gly1127Ser mutation in an EGF-like domain of the fibrillin-1 gene is a risk factor for ascending aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Ascending aortic disease, ranging from mild aortic root enlargement to aneurysm and/or dissection, has been identified in 10 individuals of a kindred, none of whom had classical Marfan syndrome (MFS). Single-strand conformation analysis of the entire fibrillin-1 (FBN1) cDNA of an affected family member revealed a G-to-A transition at nucleotide 3379, predicting a Gly1127Ser substitution. The glycine in this position is highly conserved in EGF-like domains of FBN1 and other proteins. This mutation was present in 9 of 10 affected family members and in 1 young unaffected member but was not found in other unaffected members, in 168 chromosomes from normal controls, and in 188 chromosomes from other individuals with MFS or related phenotypes. FBN1 intragenic marker haplotypes ruled out the possibility that the other allele played a significant role in modulating the phenotype in this family. Pulse-chase studies revealed normal fibrillin synthesis but reduced fibrillin deposition into the extracellular matrix in cultured fibroblasts from a Gly1127Ser carrier. We postulate that the Gly1127Ser FBN1 mutation is responsible for reduced matrix deposition. We suggest that mutations such as this one may disrupt EGF-like domain folding less drastically than do substitutions of cysteine or of other amino acids important for calcium-binding that cause classical MFS. The Gly1127Ser mutation, therefore, produces a mild form of autosomal dominantly inherited weakness of elastic tissue, which predisposes to ascending aortic aneurysm and dissection later in life.     

Biodegradation of naphthalene in aqueous nonionic surfactant systems.

The principal objective of this study was to quantify the bioavailability of micelle-solubilized naphthalene to naphthalene-degrading microorganisms comprising a mixed population isolated from contaminated waste and soils. Two nonionic surfactants were used, an alkylethoxylate, Brij 30 (C12E4), and an alkylphenol ethoxylate, Triton X-100 (C8PE9.5). Batch experiments were used to evaluate the effects of aqueous, micellized nonionic surfactants on the microbial mineralization of naphthalene and salicylic acid, an intermediate compound formed in the pathway of microbial degradation of naphthalene. The extent of solubilization and biodegradation under aerobic conditions was monitored by radiotracer and spectrophotometric techniques. Experimental results showed that surfactant concentrations above the critical micelle concentration were not toxic to the naphthalene-degrading bacteria and that the presence of surfactant micelles did not inhibit mineralization of naphthalene. Naphthalene solubilized by micelles of Brij 30 or Triton X-100 in liquid media was bioavailable and degradable by the mixed culture of bacteria.     

标志技术在研究小皱蝽成虫种群特征中的应用

应用标志－释放－回收技术研究小皱蝽成虫的主要种群特征,结果如下：（１）成虫扩散的偏离度Ｋｕ＝２．４,为一阶峻开曲线;（２）分别用Ｐｅｔｅｒｓｏｎ和Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎ方法对种群蜜度进行了估计,结果表明,Ｊａｃｋｓｏｎ的方法较好;（３）雄虫平均寿命４０－４５,虫平均寿命１２０－１３０。天。