The complete sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa) chloroplast genome: intermolecular recombination between distinct tRNA genes accounts for a major plastid DNA inversion during the evolution of the cereals

Summary The entire chloroplast genome of the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) has been sequenced and comprises 134525 bp. Predicted genes have been identified along with open reading frames (ORFs) conserved between rice and the previously sequenced chloroplast genomes, a dicot, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). The same complement of 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes has been conserved between rice and tobacco. Most ORFs extensively conserved betweenN. tabacum andM. polymorpha are also conserved intact in rice. However, several such ORFs are entirely absent in rice, or present only in severely truncated form. Structural changes are also apparent in the genome relative to tobacco. The inverted repeats, characteristic of chloroplast genome structure, have expanded outward to include several genes present only once per genome in tobacco and liverwort and the large single copy region has undergone a series of inversions which predate the divergence of the cereals. A chimeric tRNA pseudogene overlaps an apparent endpoint of the largest inversion, and a model invoking illegitimate recombination between tRNA genes is proposed which accounts simultaneously for the origin of this pseudogene, the large inversion and the creation of repeated sequences near the inversion endpoints.     

Hot spot of recombination within DXS164 in the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene.

The DMD gene, which spans more than 2,000 kbp, has been assigned to band Xp21 of the X chromosome. Two subclones (PERT 87-1 and PERT 87-15) of the intragenic locus DXS164 physically are separated by approximately 60 kbp. Linkage studies were done in 49 informative DMD families by using the LINKAGE program. Crossing-over between the loci studied occurred in four families. A recombination rate of 4% (support interval [Zmax-1] 1%-10%), which was 54 (support interval 14-135-fold) times higher than expected, was found with a maximum lod score of 13.50. These data suggest a hot spot for recombination within DXS164.     

Biochemical Mapping of Peptidyl-Glycine α-Amidation Activity in the Rat CNS

Peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidation enzyme activity has been measured in 36 nuclei or areas in the rat CNS and pituitary using D-Tyr-Phe-Gly as the substrate. The distribution of this enzyme is highly uneven, with highest activity levels (greater than 30 pmol/mg of protein/h) in hypothalamic nuclei, substantia grisea centralis, and nucleus ruber; moderate activity levels (10-30 pmol/mg of protein/h) in globus pallidus, septum, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and cervical spinal cord; and low activity levels (1-10 pmol/mg of protein/h) in other telencephalic and thalamic structures. Almost no alpha-amidation activity (less than 0.5 pmol/mg of protein/h) was detected in cerebellar cortex. The Km values in several brain regions are of the same order.     

钙调素抑制剂——三氟拉嗪对肿瘤细胞增殖和微管组装的影响

本文用钙调素抑制剂——三氟拉嗪处理人胃癌MGC-803细胞,用免疫荧光细胞化学方法,放射免疫法和速流荧光分析等方法研究了钙调素对细胞增殖,环核苷酸代谢及微管组装,有丝分裂等细胞功能的调节作用。实验结果表明,TFP明显地抑制了人胃癌细胞的增殖,这种抑制增殖的作用,具有剂量和时间依赖关系,细胞群体中G_1期细胞增多,S期细胞下降,DNA合成明显地受到抑制。TFP处理的胃癌细胞仅在短时间内(5'-30')cAMP含量升高,cGMP浓度降低,cAMP/ ??cGMP比值比对照组高4.4倍,但此后环核苷酸含量又很快恢复到对照组水平。本实验还观察到TFP处理后的MGC-803细胞胞质铺展,细胞形态的改变与胞质微管的分布有密切联系,实验结果表明TFP加强了人胃癌细胞MTOC对微管的组装能力,使微管分布得到恢复,微管纤维呈放射状延伸到细胞边缘,充满胞浆,使细胞呈现出展平的多边形,趋向于正常上皮细胞形态的变化,本实验结果表明TFP抑制癌细胞增殖及使微管组装加强可能是通过对CaM活性的抑制作用。此结果有助于说明转化细胞内钙调素的变化,可能是与转化细胞增殖失控和胞质微管消退有关。     

用核酸斑点杂交法比较油桐尺蠖核型多角体病毒与某些昆虫杆状病毒的同源性

有关核型多角体病毒基因同源性的研究报道不多,结果也不甚一致。目前,国内外普遍用SDS-PAGE法分析昆虫杆状病毒结构多肽,以限制性内切酶谱法测定基因组大小,借此区分来自不同宿主的病毒株,和基因组密切相关     

辐射增敏剂甲硝唑氨酸对坪期V_(79)细胞DNase活力的影响

研究了辐射增敏剂甲硝唑氨酸(CM)对受照前后坪期V_(79)细胞DNase活力的影响。结果表明CM在一定浓度范围内(1—10mmol/L)对DNase的激活作用有浓度依赖关系。细胞经6—12Gyγ线照后DNase活力亦增高,若照射合并CM处理后,则对DNase激活有相加作用。还就DNase活力升高与DNA链断裂间的可能关系进行了讨论。     

流行性感冒病毒重组株京生75-29 R2 T1及冷适应株31-广的基因分析

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法分析了流行性感冒病毒重组株京生75-29R2 T1(H3N2)及冷适应株31-广(H3N2)的RNA及多肽。重组株京生75-29R2 T1的HA及M基因系来自流行病毒亲本株/甲/北京/29/75(H3N2),而P_2、NA、NP及NS基因则来自温度敏感母株福R3(H2N2)。流行病毒株甲/穗/03/68(H3N2)在低温条件下经鸡胚尿囊腔传递24代而获得的冷适应疫苗毒株31-广(H3N2)其基因型与野毒株一致。     

甲型肝炎病毒对理化因子的稳定性

用放射免疫成斑法研究了甲型肝炎病毒FM-175株的理化稳定性和灭活条件,证明甲型肝炎病毒理化稳定性与其它肠道病毒相似,具有广范围的pH(2～10)稳定性;Mg~(++)和Ca可增强其热稳定性,不能抵抗冷冻干燥,但对热的抵抗力明显高于普通肠道病毒,可被紫外线迅速杀灭,也可被多种消毒剂如3～8％的甲醛液,50～90％的乙醇,2％的石炭酸及400ppm的有效氯等杀灭,但可抵抗0.1％甲醛液,2～5％的来苏儿及200ppm的有效氯1小时以上,本研究工作为甲型肝炎病毒的理化性状、保存及消毒条件等提供了实验数据。