三倍体湘云鲫繁殖季节的性腺结构观察

在繁殖季节解剖３７尾龄和１６尾声龄湘云鲫,用光镜和电镜观察了湘云鲫的性腺结构。在湘鲫的性腺部位有三种类型的结构：（１）清巢型;精巢小叶内分布有精子细胞,精子细胞呈退化现象,没有发现有正常成熟精子。（２）卵巢型,该类型性腺的大部分为体积较小,分化程度较低的呈囊状排列的细胞,在这些小细胞中镶嵌着少量初级卵母细胞和体积较大的退化的卵母细胞。（３）脂肪型;该类型的性腺部位仅有两条脂肪组织,即没有卵巢结构,     

薜荔的组织培养和快速繁殖

1 植物名称薜荔(Ficuspumila),采自进口观叶小盆栽(泥炭基质)。 2 材料类别顶芽、带腋芽的茎段、叶片。 3 培养条件诱芽培养基：(B1)MS + 6-BA 2mg·L-1(单位下同)+ NAA 0.5; (B2) MS +6-BA 2 + NAA 0.5 + AC 1500;(B3)MS + 6-BA0.5+IBA0. 1;(B4)MS+6-BA 1 +IBA 0.1;(Bs)MS + 6-BA 0.5 + NAA 0.1; (B6)MS + 6-BA0.5 + NAA 2; (B7)MS + KT 1 + NAA 0.1。生根培养基：(大量元素减半)+ IBA0.1+ NAA 0.1; (R2) 1/2MS + IBA 0.5; (Rs)1/2MS+ NAA 0. 1 + AC 1 500; (P4) 1/2MS + NAA 0.1; (Rs) 1/2MS + NAA 0.05。上述各培养基均加蔗糖2％、琼脂0.75％,pH 5.8。培养温度(20±5)℃,每天光照12 h,光照度1 500～2 000 lx。     

3种小麦细胞质雄性不育系及其杂种线粒体DNA的RFLP分析

对细胞质分别来源于提莫菲维（Ｔ．ｔｉｍｏｔｈｅｅｖｉｉ）,粘果山羊草（Ａｅ．ｋｏｔｓｃｈｙｉ）,偏凸山羊草（Ａｅ．ｖｅｎｙｒｉｃｏｓａ）的３种普通小麦的雄性不育系,相应保持系和恢复系及其上的ｍｔＤＮＡ用１２个线粒体基因探针进行了ＲＦＬＰ分析,结果为：⑴Ｔ、Ｋ、Ｖ型不育系的ｍｔＤＮＡ在组织结构上存在显著差异;⑵Ｔ、Ｋ、Ｖ不育系的ｍｔＤＮＡ与共同的保持系间显著不同,失测ｍｔＤＮＡ与小麦ｃｍｓ有关;⑶在     

Broad-host-range properties of plasmid RK2: importance of overlapping genes encoding the plasmid replication initiation protein TrfA.

The trfA gene, encoding the essential replication initiation protein of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2, possesses an in-frame overlapping arrangement. This results in the production of TrfA proteins of 33 and 44 kDa, respectively. Utilizing deletion and site-specific mutagenesis to alter the trfA operon, we compared the replication of an RK2-origin plasmid in several distantly related gram-negative bacteria when supported by both TrfA-44 and TrfA-33, TrfA-33 alone, or TrfA-44/98L (a mutant form of the TrfA-44 protein) alone. TrfA-44/98L is identical to wild-type TrfA-44 with the exception of a single conservative amino acid alteration from methionine to leucine at codon 98; this alteration removes the translational start codon for the TrfA-33 protein. Copy number and stability were virtually identical for plasmids containing both TrfA-44 and TrfA-33 proteins or TrfA-44/98L alone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, two unrelated bacteria in which TrfA-33 is poorly functional. This, along with recent in vitro studies comparing TrfA-44, TrfA-33, and TrfA-44/98L, suggests that the functional activity of TrfA-44 is not significantly affected by the 98L mutation. Analysis of minimal RK2 derivatives in certain gram-negative bacterial hosts suggests a role of the overlapping arrangement of trfA in facilitating the broad host range of RK2. RK2 derivatives encoding TrfA-44/98L alone demonstrated decreased copy number and stability in Escherichia coli and Azotobacter vinelandii when compared with derivatives specifying both TrfA-44 and TrfA-33. A strategy employing the trfA-44/98L mutant gene and in vivo homologous recombination was used to eliminate the internal translational start codon of trfA in the intact RK2 plasmid. The mutant intact RK2 plasmid produced only TrfA-44/98L. A small reduction in copy number and beta-lactamase expression resulted in E. coli, suggesting that overlapping trfA genes also enhance the efficiency of replication of the intact RK2 plasmid.     

THE STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC THRESHOLD OF TOMICUS PINIPERDA (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDEA) ON YUNNAN PINE

Abstract By careful and long period field investigation of the population density of Tomicus piniperda L. and the growth of Yunnan pine ( Pinus yunnanensis French.), and improved regression analysis, the economic threshold of Tomicus piniperda on Yunnan pine is determined: When the death rate of the trees is not more than 0.52%, the natural control factors can prevent the density of the bark beetle from increasing and no control measure is needed. When the death rate of the trees reaches 0.5%, the corresponding rate of shoots attacked is 0.61% and the mean of invading holes per tree 0.66, the cost for control is equal to the economic loss saved. So, considering both the economic justification and the prevention of the pest density from increasing, when the death rate of the trees is more than 0.5%, the corresponding rate of shoots attacked more than 0.61% and the mean of invading holes per tree more than 0.66, control measure should be taken. The paper also gives formulae for different Yunnan pine forest areas to calculate their own economic threshold according to their special situations.     

Structural elucidation of a new arabinogalactan from the leaves of Nerium indicum

A polysaccharide fraction, NIB-2, was obtained from the 3% aqueous sodium carbonate extract of Nerium indicum leaves using anion-exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography. It was found to be composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, in the ratios of 1.0:10.4:4.4, along with 4% of galacturonic acid. The results of methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, partial acid hydrolysis, pectinase treatment, and 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy indicate that it is mainly an arabinogalactan having a backbone of 1,6-linked beta-Galp, with branches at O-3, consisting of terminal, 1,5-, and 1,3,5-linked arabinofuranosyl residues, and a small proportion of galactosyl residues at the termini. Rhamnose and galacturonic acid arose from a contaminating rhamnogalacturonan.     

Flavonoids from Gutierrezia grandis

Thirteen flavonoids, including three new compounds, were isolated from Gutierrezia grandis. The structures of the new compounds were 3,5,7,3′,4′-pentahydroxy-6,8-dimethoxyflavone, 5,7,3′-trihydroxy-3,6,8,4′,5′-pentamethoxyflavone and 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxy-3,6,8,4′-tetramethoxyflavone 3′-O-glucoside.     

尾加压素Ⅱ抑制葡萄糖激酶的表达和葡萄糖诱导的胰岛素分泌

本研究旨在探讨尾加压素II(urotensin II,UII)对胰岛β细胞功能的影响及其机制。在整体实验中,采用Wistar大鼠进行糖耐量试验,检测不同剂量UII(3、30、300nmol/kg)对大鼠血糖和胰岛素水平的影响;在细胞实验中,βTC-6细胞孵育实验检测UII对葡萄糖引起的胰岛素分泌(glucose-induced insulin secretion,GIIS)的影响,酸化乙醇抽提法和实时荧光定量PCR分别测定细胞内胰岛素含量和mRNA的水平,Western blot检测胰十二指肠同源盒1(pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1,PDX-1)和葡萄糖激酶(glucokinase,GCK)表达水平。糖耐量试验结果显示,相对对照组,急性静脉注射较高剂量的UII(30、300nmol/kg)使大鼠血浆胰岛素浓度在腹腔注射葡萄糖后15min显著下降,并且使大鼠血糖在腹腔注射葡萄糖后90min明显升高。βTC-6细胞孵育实验结果显示,UII孵育2h能抑制βTC-6细胞的GIIS,但是对细胞内的胰岛素含量和mRNA水平没有影响。UII对GIIS的抑制作用可以被UII受体拮抗剂urantide所阻断,部分被蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)非特异性抑制剂chelerythrine chloride(CTC)和生长抑素受体非特异性拮抗剂cyclosomatostatin(CSS)所阻断。Western blot结果显示,UII抑制了βTC-6细胞内GCK的表达,但对PDX-1表达量没有影响。以上结果表明,UII通过激活其特异性受体(较高浓度的UII可能同时激活生长抑素受体)抑制胰岛β细胞GIIS,其作用机制涉及PKC通路的激活、GCK表达受抑所引起的胰岛素颗粒胞吐作用的减弱,但不涉及胰岛素本身表达的下降。     

海水浸泡开放性犬颅脑爆震伤影像学模型的建立

目的:建立海水浸泡开放性犬颅脑爆震伤影像学模型。方法:本实验采用新型球形爆炸源。狗颅中线向左(右)1cm,眶上缘向上1cm交界处为爆炸中心位置。爆炸距离(爆炸源最低点距爆炸点的距离)分别为3mm,3.5mm,4mm。比较各个距离的爆炸效果,选出最适的爆炸距离。在动物最适爆炸距离致伤后用吊瓶装满海水(秋季福建沿海距岸边200米深部海水),用皮管固定于伤口空洞中,使受伤脑组织始终浸泡于海水环境中。分别于3h,5h,8h行颅脑CT检查。观察海水浸泡开放性颅脑爆震伤的CT动态变化。结果:爆炸距离3.5mm为最适爆炸距离,此距离爆炸致伤后犬存活率高,能够炸开颅骨,使脑组织暴露,海水浸泡爆震伤口8小时,脑水肿逐渐出现。结论:本实验所建立的动物模型可模拟真实海战下冲击波致伤,且重复性和稳定性好,易操作,适用于海战情况下颅脑爆震伤的实验研究。