Quantification of bacterial adhesion forces using atomic force microscopy (AFM)

This study demonstrated that atomic force microscopy (AFM) can be used to obtain high-resolution topographical images of bacteria, and to quantify the tip-cell interaction force and the surface elasticity. Results show that the adhesion force between the Si3N4 tip and the bacteria surface was in the range from -3.9 to -4.3 nN. On the other hand, the adhesion forces at the periphery of the cell-substratum contact surface ranged from -5.1 to -5.9 nN and those at the cell-cell interface ranged from -6.5 to -6.8 nN. The two latter forces were considerably greater than the former one, most likely due to the accumulation of extracellular polymer substance (EPS). Results also show that the elasticity varied on the cell surface.     

Polymorphisms associated with egg number at 300 days of age in chickens

We looked for variations that could be associated with chicken egg number at 300 days of age (EN300) in seven genes of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, including gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-I (GnRH-I), GnRH receptor (GnRHR), neuropeptide Y (NPY), dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), VIP receptor-1 (VIPR-1), prolactin (PRL), and the QTL region between 87 and 105 cM of the Z chromosome. Ten mutations in the seven genes were chosen to do marker-trait association analyses in a population comprising 1310 chickens, which were obtained from a company located in Guangdong Province of China. The C1704887T of VIPR-1 was found to have a highly significant association with EN300. The T5841629C of DRD2 and the C1715301T of VIPR-1 were significantly associated with EN300. A highly significant association was also found between the C1704887T-C1715301T haplotypes of VIPR-1 and EN300. H1H3 had the highest EN300. Four PCR-RFLP variations in the candidate QTL region were selected to investigate their genetic effects on EN300. The haplotypes of T32742468C-G32742603A in this region showed a highly significant association with EN300. Bioinformatics analyses showed that both T32742468C and G32742603A were located in intron 1 of the SH3-domain GRB2-like 2 (SH3GL2) gene. We conclude that five SNPs, including C1704887T and C1715301T of VIPR-1, T5841629C of DRD2, and T32742468C and G32742603A of SH3GL2, would be useful as markers for breeding to increase chicken EN300.     

高油玉米优良自交系再生体系的建立

以供试的5个高油玉米优良自交系为材料,建立了一个高效的高油玉米幼胚再生体系.研究表明,高油玉米幼胚组织培养的最适幼胚长轴长度在0.5 mm～2.0 mm左右;MB培养基是最适的胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基;各材料胚性愈伤组织诱导率差异较大,以4K261和4K296的胚性愈伤诱导率较高;不同材料最适的继代培养条件存在差异,但基因型仍然是决定各自交系胚性愈伤组织的继代能力的主导因素,其中以4K261最佳.5个自交系均能分化出幼苗,但分化率差异较大,以4K059分化率最高,达82.0 %;其次是4K261和4K296,分别为63.2 %和59.0 %;4K060和4K061表现最差.所以4K059、4K261和4K296均可作为遗传转化的受体材料.该体系的建立为高油玉米的遗传转化奠定了基础.     

临床蛋白质组学———蛋白质组学在临床研究中的应用

临床蛋白质组学是将蛋白质组学技术应用于临床医学研究,它主要围绕疾病的预防、早期诊断和治疗等方面开展研究,其中,恶性肿瘤是临床蛋白质组学研究的一个重点研究对象.由于肿瘤生物标志物对早期诊断具有重要价值,所以临床蛋白质组学的主要目标之一是寻找合适的肿瘤生物标志物,多分子生物标志物已成为寻找肿瘤生物标志物的一个研究趋势.简要介绍了临床蛋白质组学的基本概念,实验设计,临床样本收集与预处理以及蛋白质组学技术在临床研究中的应用与进展.     

一种磁铁控制高频心脏起搏器频率的方法

本文介绍了一种磁铁控制高频心脏起搏频率的设计方法。这种起搏器的刺激频率可高达 4 92ppm ,而且脉冲输出频率可根据需要用磁铁从 2 31～ 4 92ppm加以调控。因为起搏器主要用于动物实验 ,所以起搏器的体积较小 ,只有 9mm× 36mm× 4 0mm ,重量也只有 2 0g左右 ,而使用寿命却在半年以上     

Carcinogenicity of catechol estrogens in Syrian hamsters

Estradiol and other estrogens induce renal carcinoma in male Syrian hamsters. The mechanism of carcinogenesis still remains unclear. Activation of estrogens to catechol metabolites has in the past been postulated to play a role in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Therefore, the carcinogenic activity of catechol estrogens was investigated. After 175 days of treatment, 4-hydroxyestradiol was found to be as carcinogenic as estradiol in male Syrian hamsters (4/5 and 4/5 animals with kidney tumors, respectively). Animals treated with 2-hydroxyestradiol (0/5) or 2-methoxyestradiol (0/6) did not develop renal carcinoma. The catechol estrogens failed to be mutagenic in the Ames test (reversions of his- S. typhimurium to histidine prototrophy in the TA 100 strain). The lack of carcinogenic activity of 2-hydroxyestradiol was not due to a failure to stimulate estrogen-dependent tumor growth. Growth of H-301 cells, an estrogen-dependent hamster kidney tumor cell line, was supported in vivo by estrogens in the following order: estradiol greater than 4-hydroxyestradiol greater than 2-hydroxyestradiol. Stimulation of tumor growth by 2-methoxyestradiol was not detected. It was concluded that the carcinogenic activity of 4-hydroxyestradiol was consistent with a role of catechol metabolites in estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. However, the intrinsic carcinogenic or hormonal activity of 2-hydroxyestradiol probably can not be assessed accurately in vivo because of its rapid methylation and metabolic clearance.     

人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒混合感染者免疫细胞和肝生化指标的分析

目的 探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒/丙型肝炎病毒(HIV/HCV)混合感染者的免疫淋巴细胞亚群和肝脏生化指标的特征。方法 检测并分析研究组(40例混合感染HIV/HCV的血友病患者)和对照组(12例单独感染HIV的血友病患者)若干相关实验室指标。结果两组(研究与对照)结果 差异显著的指标分别为:自然杀伤(NK)细胞9.26%±5.98%对12.19%±5.80%,P<0.05;CD4/CD8细胞比值0.39±0.21对0.53±0.24,P<0.05;CD3细胞74.99%±10.33%对68.42%±8.82%,P<0.05;CD8细胞52.28%±12.59%对43.58%±10.99%,P<0.05;丙氨酸氨酶(ALT)(48.59±40.21)U/L对(26.87±27.23)U/L,P<0.01;天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)(61.66±51.02)U/L对(34.17±30.24)U/L,P<0.001;谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)(136.50±111.50)U/L对(43.88±36.17)U/L,P<0.001;甘胆酸(CG)(683.41±962.22)μg/L对(250.96±290.81)μg/L,P<0.001;透明质酸(HA)(180.94±196.69)ng/ml对(64.68±32.74)ng/ml,P<0.001;白/球蛋白(A/G)比值1.35±0.24对1.50±0.34,P<0.05。与单独HIV感染者比较,HIV/HCV混合感染者的NK细胞、CD4/CD8细胞比值和A/G比值显著降低,而ALT、AST、GGT、CG和HA的水平显著增加。结论 HIV/HCV混合感染可能加剧患者淋巴细胞亚群的不平衡,加重肝脏损伤和出现肝硬化趋势。