Synthesis,insecticidal evaluation and mode of action of novel anthranilic diamide derivatives containing sulfur moiety as potential ryanodine receptor activators

Anthranilic diamide insecticide could control lepidopteran pests by selectively binding and activating insect ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and the unique mode of action is different from other conventional insecticides. In order to discover new anthranilic diamide insecticide as ryanodine receptors activators, a series of 11 novel anthranilic diamides derivatives (Ia-k) were synthesized and confirmed by melting point, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and elemental analyses. The preliminary bioactivity revealed that most title compounds showed moderate to remarkable activities against oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella). Especially, compounds Ia and If, which exhibited 100% larvicidal activity against oriental armyworm at 1.0?mg?L^?1, and comparable to that of chlorantraniliprole (100% at 1?mg?L^?1). If displayed 60% insecticidal activity against diamondback moth at 0.01?mg?L^?1, better than chlorantraniliprole (45% at 0.01?mg?L^?1). The preliminary structure activity relationships were discussed. In addition, the calcium imaging experiment indicated that the insect ryanodine receptor is the potential target of If.     

中国和伊朗新型冠状病毒肺炎流行现状及比较分析

新型冠状病毒肺炎(Coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)已造成全球大流行,比较不同国家流行特征是了解该病流行规律的重要内容。为了推进我国提出的"一带一路"倡议,防止传染病跨境传播,并探讨COVID-19流行规律和不同国家传染病研究方法,本研究对中国和伊朗COVID-19流行特征和影响因素进行比较分析。根据世界卫生组织、国家卫生健康委员会及新闻媒体等提供的数据和信息,采用描述流行病学方法和Pearson相关进行分析,结果显示,截至2020年7月31日24时,中国累计报告确诊病例88122例,占全球报告0.50%,位居28位;同期伊朗确诊304204例,占全球1.73%,位居全球第9位。2020年4月22日伊朗报告累计确诊病例数首次超过中国,中国宁夏回族自治区、北京市、上海市、甘肃省、广东省分别报告有伊朗输入病例。COVID-19流行水平和严重程度伊朗高于中国:伊朗的发病率为371/10万、中国6.29/10万;伊朗的死亡率为20/10万、中国0.33/10万;伊朗的治愈率为86.63%、中国为92.18%;病死率两国水平接近;伊朗平均每日新增确诊病例数1395例,中国404例。中国疫情出现拐点的时间较伊朗早,每日新增确诊病例首次出现下降用时25d(伊朗42d)、每日新增治愈超过新增确诊用时31d(伊朗49d)。伊朗疫情在5月后出现持续反弹,2020年6月4日确诊病例数达反弹峰值(3574例),超过前期的3186例,且在多数时间新增治愈人数低于新增确诊人数。中国和伊朗每日新增确诊、新增治愈病例数趋势形态不同,中国新增治愈病例数趋势图整体延后新增确诊病例,而伊朗新增治愈与新增确诊病例数几乎同步。相关分析显示武汉每日新增确诊病例数在划分的两个阶段与预防控制措施得分均呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.44、0.53),而与当时武汉的气象因素平均气压(百帕)、平均2min风速(米/秒)、平均气温(℃)、平均相对湿度(百分率)、日照时数(时)无相关性;伊朗在疫情的第一阶段呈正相关,第二阶段为负相关。COVID-19在中国和伊朗的流行存在差异,对不同国家流行情况进行比较研究,有助于加深对COVID-19全球大流行的认识。     

Circumscription and phylogeny of Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae: Evidence from nrDNA ITS sequences

The largest section of the genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae), sect. Ciliatae, consists of 175 morphologically diverse species. This section is mainly distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions of southwest China and more than 80% of the total number of species are endemic to this region. It remains unknown whether this section is monophyletic and up to now no study has been conducted on the infra-sectional phylogeny. In this study, ITS sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were firstly determined for 33 species mainly from this section and related sections. We further downloaded the corresponding sequences of the same DNA region for the other 22 species of Saxifraga and Mitella from GenBank. All sequences were together used to construct the phy-logenetic trees. The main implications of the phylogenetic analyses include: (1) sect. Ciliatae, as traditionally defined, constitutes as a monophyletic clade and its sister group is a well supported clade that includes species from 8 sections such as sect. Porphyrion, sect. Saxifraga and sect. Mesogyne; (2) three morphological subsections, i.e., subsect. Gemmiparae, subsect. Hirculoideae and subsect. Rosulares were tentatively recovered despite the relatively low statistic bootstrap support for the last one; however, subsect. Flagellares and subsect. Hemi-sphaericae were not recognized as separate entities, and nested within subsect. Gemmiparae; (3) subsect. Hircu-loideae and subsect. Rosulares clustered together as sister subclades while subsect. Gemmiparae diverged early. In addition, our results suggest that the paired variation of ITS sequences in sect. Ciliatae is relatively low between the sampled species in spite of their diverse morphology. It is suggested that such a scenario may mirror rapid speciation in this section that probably trigged by the uplifts of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the extensive selection pressure under the alpine environments.     

苎麻atp6和atp9基因的克隆表达及与细胞质雄性不育的相关性

摘要: 根据GenBank报道的双子叶植物线粒体atp6和atp9基因编码区保守序列设计简并引物, 通过PCR技术从苎麻细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系(简称“三系”) mtDNA中扩增目的基因片段, 发现所得序列开放阅读框虽不完整, 但与GenBank报道的其他植物线粒体atp6和atp9基因同源性分别高于94%和85%。采用DNA Walking步移法分别从3′端和5′端扩增两个基因片段的未知侧翼序列, 分离出完整的苎麻线粒体atp6和atp9基因, 包含了完整的开放阅读框。其中“三系”的atp6基因在mtDNA水平、转录和翻译调控水平、蛋白质水平上均无差异。不育系atp9基因在编码区3′端与保持系和恢复系相比存在若干个碱基的差异和缺失; RT-PCR分析还表明, 不育系atp9基因在现蕾期和盛花期的表达量很高。推测不育系atp9基因的结构变异和/或异常表达与苎麻细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的关系密切。     

新分离呼吸道肠道病毒生物学特性和S4片段的序列测定

新分离呼吸道肠道病毒(简称呼肠病毒)经过空斑分纯后进行生物学和部分基因序列的鉴定.首先通过BYD株(由端青从北京于某患者标本中分离到的第一株呼肠病毒)对4种传代细胞的敏感性试验,选出L929和LLC-MK2敏感细胞,然后用LLC-MK2细胞进行理化性质试验,血凝试验和形态学鉴定.结果显示该病毒为耐乙醚、不耐酸、不耐热的RNA病毒;对人O型红细胞能产生凝集,滴度达132;电镜下可查见细胞胞浆内有球形、直径为70nm～80nm、双层衣壳的病毒颗粒.提取BYD株RNA并进行S4片段序列分析,结果显示该片段的氨基酸序列与已知呼肠病毒1～3型标准株的同源性分别为95%、90%和95%.以上这些生物学以及S4片断的序列分析结果表明新分离BYD株病毒符合呼肠病毒科的特性.     

应用斑点金免疫渗滤试验快速同步检测抗HIV-1,HIV-2 IgG抗体

应用斑点金免疫渗滤试验(dotimmunogoldfiltration assay,DIGFA)建立了一种同步快速检测四种抗HIV-1/2IgG抗体的HIV诊断试纸.通过基因工程技术在大肠杆菌中表达了5种HIV抗原蛋白片段(P24,GP41,GP36,GP120V3,GP120C).这5种抗原蛋白首先被固定在硝酸纤维素膜上,然后滴加待测血清,其中的病毒抗体通过免疫反应与抗原结合,再加胶体金标记的葡萄球菌蛋白A(SPA),待其渗过膜片后,洗涤,即可形成肉眼可见的红色斑点.用已确证的21份HIV阳性血清(其中包括1份HIV-1标准阳性血清和1份HIV-2标准阳性血清)和30份阴性血清进行了试验,结果表明该快速检测方法与ELISA方法无显著差异.该检测方法不需任何仪器,仅凭肉眼即可判定结果,整个检测过程不超过5分钟.与传统的的ELISA法相比,具有方便快速,成本低廉,应用范围广等优点.同时,此HIV快速诊断试纸可以同步检测并区分针对HIV-1和HIV-2感染的不同检测标志物(抗P24、GP41、GP120和GP36抗体),这对提高快速检测的灵敏度和准确性,以及对判断HIV感染者是否临近或已进入AIDS期有着较高的应用价值.     

生境空气质量测定与评价指标

该指标系统规定了空气生境指数(Air entironment index,简称AEI)、生境空气质量分级、采样点及取值时间,采样与分析方法及数据统计的有效性规定。空气生境指数(AEI)的测定与评价的十个项目:空气洁净度(CI)、空气新鲜度(T)、植物精气浓度、人均绿地面积、绿地植物覆盖率、硬质覆盖率、水体覆盖率、界外植物覆盖率、移植植物树龄或原生植物树龄、植物种类和植物景观。本手册适用于住区生境空气质量评价。住区生境空气质量分为五级:5A级空气质量住区;4A级空气质量住区;3A级空气质量住区;2A级空气质量住区;1A级空气质量住区。     

A new synonym of Pellionia scabra Benth.

Based on the study of specimens from Hunan, and field observations in Hengshan (holotype locality of Pellionia cephaloidea W. T. Wang), Nanyue, Hunan, China, Pellionia cephaloidea W. T. Wang is regarded as a new synonym of Pellionia scabra Benth., and Pellionia Gaudich. sect. Elatostematopsis W. T. Wang as a new synonym of Pellionia Gaudich. sect. Pellionia.     

广东大中型供水水库的磷污染与富营养化分析

2000年丰水期和枯水期对广东大中型水库的磷污染和富营养化现状进行了调查。结果表明,在调查的20个大中型供水水库中,一半以上的水库受到磷污染,磷污染已成为水库富营养化的重要原因。水库的总磷浓度与水库的营养状态基本一致。水库普遍存在磷限制现象,且枯水期的磷限制现象更为严重。在低温和磷限制条件下,硅藻比绿藻更加有优势。