产大米蛋白水解酶的菌株筛选、酶学性质及制备大米寡肽

[目的]旨在分离、筛选并鉴定具有大米蛋白降解作用的菌株及其关键蛋白酶,为高效制备大米寡肽提供制备酶及最优制备条件.[方法]以"水解圈"为评价指标,从粮食仓库附近土壤筛选获得具有降解大米蛋白能力的菌株;通过16S rRNA序列分析确定菌株归属;利用单因素实验获得最佳氮源并初步分析酶学性质;利用HPLC检测寡肽得率,并对制...     

长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局变化与关联性分析

生态系统服务持续供给是人类社会可持续发展的重要基础。随着社会经济发展和人类生活品质的提高,综合考虑生态系统服务供给与人类需求,并纳入自然资源管理实践对我国生态文明建设至关重要。然而,目前的研究大多集中于生态系统服务供给研究,针对跨区域尺度的生态系统服务供需研究仍较薄弱。以我国跨区域的长江经济带为例,采用生态系统服务供给指数(ESPI)和土地开发指数(LDI),定量测度了生态系统服务的供给和需求,构建了生态系统服务供需指数(ESSDI),分析了长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局的时空变化规律及其区域特征,并利用皮尔逊相关系数和回归分析方法,定量探究了长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局的关联性及其区域差异。研究结果表明:(1)2015年长江经济带的生态系统服务供需格局区域差异明显,总体上呈现西部盈余东部超载的供需格局,其中生态系统服务供需格局状况较好和状况好的区域面积比例较高,占长江经济带总面积的69.45%。(2)长江经济带生态系统服务供需格局空间失衡现象较为突出,长江经济带55.36%的GDP和31.41%的人口均集中在7%生态系统服务供需状况差的区域。2000—2015年期间,长江经济带实施了系列生态保护与修复工程,生态系统服务供需状况趋向变好,生态系统服务供需状况好的县域增加了43个,供需状况差的县域减少了58个;长江经济带上游和中游地区生态系统服务供需状况比下游地区提升幅度大。(3)长江经济带生态系统服务供给和需求整体上呈现负相关。生态系统服务的供需关系存在区域差异。在经济快速增长和土地集约开发的下游地区,生态系统服务供需负相关关系斜率较大。随着ESPI的变化,下游LDI的变化幅度大于欠发达的上游和中游地区。研究结果可为长江经济带生态系统管理和政策制定提供参考。     

寨卡病毒,不仅仅是小头畸形

寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)属于黄病毒科黄病毒属,由蚊虫叮咬传播。ZIKV发现于1947年。2007年以来,由于基因突变,ZIKV获得了更强的神经嗜性和在蚊虫体内播散的能力,因而在全球加快流行,并与成人吉兰-巴雷综合征和胎儿小头畸形的发生密切相关。最近的临床观察和动物研究进一步表明,ZIKV感染引起的临床症状复杂多样,所造成的疾病不仅仅是小头畸形,它还能够损伤雄性生殖系统,干扰下丘脑对神经内分泌系统的调节,引起多种激素分泌缺陷,导致生长发育迟缓和学习记忆能力损伤。因此,对于先天感染ZIKV的新生儿,不仅要在孕期监测小头畸形的发生,出生后也需进行长期的跟踪观察;对于出生后感染ZIKV的婴幼儿以及学龄前儿童,无论病情轻重,也需要进行随访,以明确ZIKV感染的远期影响。     

Phylogeny and species reassessment of Hyalopterus (Aphididae,Aphidinae)

The broadly distributed genus Hyalopterus currently comprises three formally recognized species that are highly similar morphologically and hence difficult to be identified with certainty. This group has undergone multiple revisions in the past century, but none of these has assessed species from Asia, which has hampered our understanding of the species diversity within this genus. Based on a comprehensive data set from morphological data and host-associated data, and by coalescent-based delimitation approaches, the Hyalopterus species boundaries, distribution and diversity were clarified here to further reveal the composition of the species. Two single-locus (ML-GMYC and mPTP) and two multilocus (BPP and STACEY) delimitation methods were conducted based on extensive sampling. Then, the phylogenetic relationships and morphological divergence were assessed. Our data strongly supported that the number of recognized species in Hyalopterus had likely been underestimated. The phylogenetic analyses recovered four major clades, which corresponded to distinct host-plant preferences. Also, the morphological analyses showed significant differentiation for only one of the newly recognized candidate species uncovered by the delimitation approaches, suggesting the existence of at least two independent evolutionary lineages within Hyalopterus arundiniformis, which showed different patterns of host association. Moreover, based on our data, the taxonomic misidentification of H. arundiniformis in China was corrected here. This study lays the groundwork for the thorough taxonomic revision of Hyalopterus and for future evolutionary studies and underlines the importance of an integrated framework for species determination.     

Electroacupuncture Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment Through the Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Regulating Melatonin-Mediated Mitophagy in Stroke Rats

Neurochemical Research - Previous studies found that electroacupuncture (EA) at the Shenting (DU24) and Baihui (DU20) acupoints alleviates cognitive impairment in cerebral...     

Legumes can increase cadmium contamination in neighboring crops

Legumes are widely used in many cropping systems because they share their nitrogen fixation products and phosphorus mobilization activities with their neighbors. In the current study, however, we showed that co-cultivation with legumes increased cadmium (Cd) contamination in the adjacent crops. Both field and mesocosm experiments indicated that legumes increased Cd levels in edible parts and shoots of four neighboring crops and five maize varieties tested, regardless of the Cd levels in the soil. This enhanced Cd accumulation in crops was attributed to root interactions that alter the rhizosphere environment. Co-cultivation with legumes reduced soil pH, which somewhat increased the exchangeable forms of Cd. Our results have demonstrated the inevitable increases in Cd levels of crops as a direct result of co-cultivation with legumes even under situations when these levels are below the permissible threshold. With this new revelation, we need to consider carefully the current cropping systems involving legumes and perhaps to re-design the current and future cropping systems in view of avoiding food contamination by Cd.     

Behavioral modification in choice process of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Drosophila</Emphasis>

In visual operant conditioning ofDrosophila at the flight simulator, only motor output of flies—yaw torque—is recorded, which is involved in the conditioning process. The current study used a newly-designed data analysis method to study the torque distribution ofDrosophila. Modification of torque distribution represents the effects of operant conditioning on flies’ behavioral mode. Earlier works^[10] showed that, when facing contradictory visual cues, flies could make choices based upon the relative weightiness of different cues, and it was demonstrated that mushroom bodies might play an important role in such choice behavior. The new “torque-position map” method was used to explore the CS-US associative learning and choice behavior inDrosophila from the aspect of its behavioral mode. Finally, this work also discussed various possible neural bases involved in visual associative learning, choice processing and modification processing of the behavioral mode in the visual operant conditioning ofDrosophila.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted pyrazoles as blockers of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)

Three distinct series of substituted pyrazole blockers of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) were elaborated from the high-throughput screening pyrazolone hit 1. Preliminary hit-to-lead efforts revealed a preference for electron-withdrawing substituents in the 4-amido-5-hydroxypyrazole series 6a-l. In turn, this preference was more pronounced in a series of 4-aryl-5-hydroxypyrazoles 8a-j. The representative analogs 6f and 12f were found to be efficacious in a rodent model of acute iron hyperabsorption. These three series represent promising starting points for lead optimization efforts aimed at the discovery of DMT1 blockers as iron overload therapeutics.     

Effects of a dark-septate endophytic isolate LBF-2 on the medicinal plant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lycium barbarum</Emphasis> L.

Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are ubiquitous root associated fungi; however, our understanding of their ecological function remains unclear. Here, we investigated the positive effect of a DSE fungus on its host plant Lycium barbarum L. A DSE isolate, LBF-2, isolated from the roots of L. barbarum, was inoculated onto the roots of plants, which were grown under greenhouse conditions for five weeks. The result of molecular analyses of internal transcribed spacer regions indicated that LBF-2 was 96% similar to Paraphoma chrysanthemicola. Melanized septate hyphae were observed in the root cortical cells of L. barbarum using a light microscope. Inoculation with LBF-2 increased the total biomass by 39.2% and also enhanced chlorophyll fluorescence. Inoculation increased the concentration of total chlorophyll by 22.8% and of chlorophyll a by 21.3%, relative to uninoculated controls. These data indicate that the LBF-2 isolate might be used to facilitate the cultivation of L. barbarum, which has medicinal applications.