重大外来害虫B型烟粉虱的入侵行为和生态机制

烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)复合种是热带、亚热带及相邻温带地区的主要害虫之一。其中的B型烟粉虱在近20年来随观赏植物的运输在世界范围内广泛传播扩散,并在许多入侵地迅速取代本地的土著烟粉虱,通过直接取食植物汁液、传播植物双生病毒等方式对当地的农业生产造成极大危害。在B型烟粉虱入侵生物学研究方面,作者课题组研究发现,至少有两个主要机制导致或促进了B型烟粉虱的广泛入侵及其所伴随的双生病毒流行:(1)入侵烟粉虱与土著烟粉虱之间的"非对称交配互作";(2)入侵烟粉虱与所传双生病毒之间的间接互惠共生关系。这些研究结果从一定程度上揭示了B型烟粉虱成功入侵的行为和生态机制,并为进一步探讨烟粉虱的入侵机制提供了思路。     

中医微创小针刀为主结合西医治疗支气管哮喘60例临床观察

目的探讨中医小针刀微创结合西医治疗支气管哮喘的临床疗效。方法将我院收治的支气管哮喘患者60例,按随机方法分为治疗组(32例)和对照组(28例),治疗组采用中医小针刀微创治疗为主,辅以西药常规对症治疗,对照组按一般内科常规西药治疗,比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组的总有效率为93.75%,明显高于对照组的75%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论中医小针刀结合西医治疗支气管哮喘的疗效显著,有简、便、验、廉优势,值得推广应用。     

The effect of experimental warming on leaf functional traits, leaf structure and leaf biochemistry in Arabidopsis thaliana

Background  

The leaf is an important plant organ, and how it will respond to future global warming is a question that remains unanswered. The effects of experimental warming on leaf photosynthesis and respiration acclimation has been well studied so far, but relatively little information exists on the structural and biochemical responses to warming. However, such information is very important to better understand the plant responses to global warming. Therefore, we grew Arabidopsis thaliana at the three day/night temperatures of 23/18°C (ambient temperature), 25.5/20.5°C (elevated by 2.5°C) and 28/23°C (elevated by 5°C) to simulate the middle and the upper projected warming expected within the 21st century for this purpose.     

阿维链霉菌NRRL8165中bldAA的克隆及其对形态分化与阿维菌素合成的影响

bldA编码天蓝色链霉菌中唯一有效识别UUA亮氨酸密码的tRNA（Leu）UUA。通过构建阿维链霉菌NRRL8165基因组亚文库,筛选得到含有阿维链霉菌bldA。及其侧翼序列的克隆。利用λRED介导的PCR targeting技术构建了bldA。的基因置换质粒pHL358,将其跨属接合转移进入阿维链霉菌NRRL8165,筛选得到bldA。基因置换菌株TW10。TW10表现为光秃表型,表明bldA。调控阿维链霉菌的形态分化。摇瓶发酵TW10菌株并对发酵产物进行HPLC分析,发现TW10菌株均不合成阿维菌素组分,提示阿维菌素的合成受bldA。调控;考察阿维菌素生物合成基因簇,其中areA3和aveR含有TTA密码,它们的翻译可能受bldA。调控,与实验结果一致。     

Rice GH3 gene family: Regulators of growth and development

Auxin is an indispensable hormone throughout the lifetime of nearly all plant species. Several aspects of plant growth and development are rigidly governed by auxin, from micro to macro hierarchies; auxin also has a close relationship with plant-pathogen interactions. Undoubtedly, precise auxin levels are vitally important to plants, which have many effective mechanisms to maintain auxin homeostasis. One mechanism is conjugating amino acid to excessive indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; main form of auxin) through some GH3 family proteins to inactivate it. Our previous study demonstrated that GH3-2 mediated broad-spectrum resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by suppressing pathogen-induced IAA accumulation and downregulating auxin signaling. Here, we further investigated the expression pattern of GH3-2 and other GH3 family paralogs in the life cycle of rice and presented the possible function of GH3-2 on rice root development by histochemical analysis of GH3-2 promoter:GUS reporter transgenic plants.Key words: auxin, GH3 gene, indole-3-acetic acid, Oryza sativa, rootThe phytohormone auxin regulates tropism and organ development and influences phyllotaxis, vascular canalization and root patterning by exerting its effect on cell division, elongation and differentiation in plants.^1,2 Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the most widespread form of auxin in most plants. Supraoptimal or insufficient concentration of auxin will cause plants to exhibit abnormal phenotypes. 3-9 Auxin homeostasis is partly sustained by the GH3 gene family, a supervisor of the fluctuation of auxin. Most GH3 genes contain auxin-responsive cis-acting elements (AuxRE) in their promoter regions and react rapidly and transiently to auxin signaling.¹ Nineteen GH3 paralogs have been discovered in Arabidopsis.¹⁰ According to the phylogenetic relationship and acyl acid substrate preference, these genes are classified into three groups (I, II and III), which catalyze the formation of jasmonates, salicylic acid, 4-substituted benzoates or IAA acyl acid amido conjugates.^11,12 The rice GH3 gene family includes 13 paralogs, 4 belonging to group I (GH3-3, -5, -6 and -12) and 9 to group II (GH3-1, -2, -4, -7, -8, -9, -10, -11 and -13); group III GH3 is absent in rice.¹⁰ Rice GH3-1, -2, -8 and -13 paralogs have been biochemically confirmed to have IAA-amido synthetase activity by in vivo or in vitro assays.^6–9 It is believed that other GH3 group II paralogs in rice may also possess this enzymatic activity. But why does rice have such a functionally redundant group of GH3 proteins, which disobeys the economic principle? The explanation could be based on the different temporal and spatial expression of the genes encoding these proteins.     

Combined effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate and enzyme on waste activated sludge hydrolysis and acidification

The combined effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and enzyme system on hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated. The results showed that the combined system was more effective in the promotion of sludge hydrolysis than sole SDS and sole enzyme, and the SDS + mixed-enzymes (ME) system had better hydrolysis performance than SDS + single enzyme system. Compared with SDS + protease and SDS + amylase systems, the soluble protein concentration in SDS + ME system increased respectively by 20.0% and 44.4%, and the soluble carbohydrate concentration increased by 78.3% and 37.0%, respectively. During the WAS acidification stage, the SDS, ME and SDS + ME system could make the maximum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration increased by 1.82 (6th day), 2.04 (5th day), 2.32 (7th day) times, respectively. The composition analysis of SCFAs produced in SDS + ME system indicated that acetic acid was the most prevalent product and propionic acid was the second one.     

Bimodal effects of chronically administered neurokinin B (NKB) on in vivo and in vitro cardiovascular responses in female rats

The in vivo cardiovascular effects of acutely administered neurokinin B (NKB) have been attributed both to direct effects on vascular tone and to indirect effects on central neuroendocrine control of the circulation. We proposed: 1) that a modest long-term increase in plasma NKB levels would decrease mean arterial pressure (MAP) due to attenuated peripheral vascular tone, and 2) that chronic high-dose NKB would increase MAP, due to increased sympathetic outflow which would override the peripheral vasodilation. We examined the in vivo and in vitro cardiovascular effects of chronic peripheral NKB. Low- (1.8 nmol/h) or high- (20 nmol/h) dose NKB was infused into conscious female rats bearing telemetric pressure transducers. MAP, heart rate (HR) and the pressor responses to I.V. phenylephrine (PE, 8 microg) and angiotensin II (Ang II, 150 ng) were measured. Concentration-response curves of small mesenteric arteries were constructed to PE using wire myography. Low-dose NKB reduced basal MAP (88+/-2 mm Hg to 83+/-2 mm Hg), did not affect resting HR, reduced the pressor responses to PE, and attenuated the maximal constriction of mesenteric arteries to PE and KCl. By contrast, high-dose NKB increased basal MAP (86+/-1 mm Hg to 89+/-1 mm Hg), increased HR (350+/-3 beats/min to 371+/-3 beats/min), increased the pressor responses to Ang II and, contrary to our hypothesis, increased the maximum contractile responses of mesenteric arteries to PE and KCl. The cardiovascular effects of NKB are thus dose-dependent: whereas chronic low-dose NKB directly modulates vascular tone to reduce blood pressure, chronic high-dose NKB induces an increase in blood pressure through both central (indirect) and peripheral (direct) pathways.