籼型常规早稻穗分化期低温对颖花形成和籽粒充实的影响

以籼型常规早稻中嘉早17为材料,于盆栽条件下采用人工气候箱控温,在水稻穗分化一次枝梗原基分化期(Ⅱ)与花粉母细胞减数分裂期(Ⅵ)进行17和20 ℃的低温胁迫处理,研究不同低温对水稻枝梗、颖花分化与退化及籽粒充实的影响.结果表明： 与对照相比,不同低温处理均显著降低每穗枝梗及颖花分化数和现存数,颖花现存数降幅为7.2%～12.4%,同时增加了枝梗和颖花的退化数,影响了花粉活性、花药开裂等花器官发育,导致籽粒充实不良,以17 ℃低温胁迫效应更明显.穗分化Ⅵ期低温处理总枝梗和颖花分化数与现存数低于穗分化Ⅱ期,但二次枝梗和颖花退化数较多,颖花退化数较穗分化Ⅱ期高11.6%;穗分化Ⅱ期低温处理穗部籽粒结实率显著低于穗分化Ⅵ期,降幅达3.7%,主要与花粉粒活性、柱头花粉散落数、花药开裂系数和籽粒充实度受低温影响较大有关.另外,穗分化Ⅱ、Ⅵ两时期受17 ℃低温胁迫效应大于20 ℃.综合穗分化两时期低温胁迫效应的差异,生产中需加强相应栽培措施的调控.     

Passive protective effect of egg-yolk antibodies against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88+ infection in neonatal and early-weaned piglets

The protective effects of egg-yolk antibodies obtained from hens immunized with fimbrial antigens from a local strain (Escherichia coli K88+ MB, Manitoba, Canada) of K88+ piliated enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) were evaluated in 3- and 21-day-old piglets in which ETEC diarrhea was induced and also in early-weaned piglets in a commercial farm. The results demonstrated that the E. coli K88+ MB-induced diarrhea in 3-day-old piglets was cured 24 h after treating with egg-yolk antibodies while those treated with egg-yolk powder from conventional hens continued to have diarrhea and 62.5% of them died of severe diarrhea. For 21-day-old weaned piglets, those fed egg-yolk antibodies had transient diarrhea, positive body weight gains and 100% survival during the period of the experiment, whereas control piglets that were treated with placebo had severe diarrhea and dehydration and some died within 48 h after infection. In the field trial, the incidence and severity of diarrhea of 14-18-day-old weaned piglets fed egg-yolk antibodies were much lower than in those fed a commercial diet containing an antibiotic. These results indicate that the neonatal and early-weaned piglets that received the egg-yolk antibodies were protected against ETEC infection.     

Lipidomic changes during different growth stages of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF–MS) is a powerful lipidomic tool. In this study, we developed a UPLC/Q-TOF–MS based method to investigate the lipid metabolomic changes in different growth phases of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima. The data classification and biomarker selection were carried out by using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA), projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). We discovered that the intercellular lipid metabolites were significantly different among exponential, early stationary and late stationary phases. Thirty-one lipid molecules were selected and identified as putative biomarkers, including free fatty acid, Harderoporphyrin, phosphatidylglycerol, 1,2-diacyglycerl-3-O-4′-(N,N-trimethy)-homoserine, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, lyso-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol and lyso-digalactosyldiacylglycerol. These lipids have been shown previously to function in energy storage, membrane stability and photosynthesis efficiency during the growth of diatoms. Further analysis on the putative biomarkers demonstrated that nitrate starvation played critical role in the transition from exponential phase to stationary phase in N. closterium. This study is the first one to explore the lipidomic changes of microalgae in different growth phases, which promotes better understanding of their physiology and ecology.     

无花果叶共生菌发酵的菌种富集及抑菌活性的筛选

目的从无花果叶中分离和筛选能发酵分解无花果叶及具有抑菌作用的共生菌。方法采用以无花果叶作为唯一碳源的富集培养方法,分离共生菌并分析发酵菌群的构成。同时,通过研磨法直接分离无花果叶内生菌,对分离菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,利用平板滤纸片法进行菌株的抑菌活性分析。结果无花果叶发酵菌群由11种22株细菌构成,其中优势菌为短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas naejangsanensis)、嗜温鞘氨醇杆菌(Sphingobacterium thalpophilum)和副球菌(Paracoccus sp.)。没有获得发酵无花果叶的真菌菌群,只分离出1株产黄青霉菌(Penicillium chrysogenum)。直接分离共获得无花果叶内生细菌8种14株和内生真菌3种9株。抑菌试验表明,来源于富集培养的泡囊短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas vesicularis)和产黄青霉菌以及来源于内生菌的枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)对枯草芽胞杆菌、大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌3种指示菌有不同的抑菌作用,且它们的抑菌谱各不相同。泡囊短波单胞菌只在无花果叶中培养时才表现出抑菌活性。结论短波单胞菌可能与无花果叶的发酵分解有关,泡囊短波单胞菌与无花果叶之间发生了相互作用,因此,这2株菌可以作为无花果叶发酵的候选菌种应用。     

水稻OsMS2基因在花药发育中的功能分析

拟南芥MS2(MALE STERILITY 2)是一个调控花药花粉发育的关键基因。水稻OsMS2(Os03g07140)基因与拟南芥MS2的序列具有高度同源性。利用RNA干扰技术研究OsMS2基因在水稻花药发育过程中的功能。与野生型水稻相比, 转基因 植株营养生长阶段正常, 但雄性育性降低。转基因植株雄性育性降低与RNA干扰引起的OsMS2基因表达水平降低有关。进一步对转基因植株花药进行细胞学观察, 结果表明OsMS2基因表达水平的降低导致绒毡层细胞退化延迟, 小孢子壁的形成出现异常。扫描电镜观察结果显示, 小孢子壁光滑, 不能形成正常的外壁。以上结果表明OsMS2基因在水稻花药发育过程中起重要作用。     

PRIP (Phospholipase C-related but Catalytically Inactive Protein) Inhibits Exocytosis by Direct Interactions with Syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 through Its C2 Domain

Membrane fusion for exocytosis is mediated by SNAREs, forming trans-ternary complexes to bridge vesicle and target membranes. There is an array of accessory proteins that directly interact with and regulate SNARE proteins. PRIP (phospholipase C-related but catalytically inactive protein) is likely one of these proteins; PRIP, consisting of multiple functional modules including pleckstrin homology and C2 domains, inhibited exocytosis, probably via the binding to membrane phosphoinositides through the pleckstrin homology domain. However, the roles of the C2 domain have not yet been investigated. In this study, we found that the C2 domain of PRIP directly interacts with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 but not with VAMP2. The C2 domain promoted PRIP to co-localize with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 in PC12 cells. The binding profile of the C2 domain to SNAP-25 was comparable with that of synaptotagmin I, and PRIP inhibited synaptotagmin I in binding to SNAP-25 and syntaxin 1. It was also shown that the C2 domain was required for PRIP to suppress SDS-resistant ternary SNARE complex formation and inhibit high K⁺-induced noradrenalin release from PC12 cells. These results suggest that PRIP inhibits regulated exocytosis through the interaction of its C2 domain with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25, potentially competing with other SNARE-binding, C2 domain-containing accessory proteins such as synaptotagmin I and by directly inhibiting trans-SNARE complex formation.     

植物中SWEET基因家族研究进展

SWEET基因家族是一个新的糖转运蛋白,具有2个MtN3/saliva跨膜结构域,从单细胞的原生生物到高等的真核生物中均有出现。目前对该家族功能研究较少,尽管基于MtN3/saliva的不同类型的基因已经被确定,但确切的生物学功能与该跨膜结构域的分子功能仍有待研究。近来的研究表明MtN3/saliva/SWEET基因可能作为糖转运蛋白或通过与离子转运蛋白的互作促进离子转运,调节不同的生理过程,在包括转运糖类、发育、环境适应性、宿主-病原体的相互作用中发挥作用。本文介绍了MtN3/saliva/SWEET基因结构功能的最新研究进展,将为阐明其在不同植物中的功能提供分子基础。     

小麦秆锈抗性遗传及抗性基因研究进展

目前国际上已发现近80个小麦抗秆锈基因,其中45个抗秆锈基因已被正式定名,58个抗秆锈基因已定位在小麦特定染色体上,其中12个基因被标记。本文对小麦抗秆锈病基因抗源、抗秆锈性遗传、分子标记研究现状及存在问题加以综述,并对抗秆锈分子遗传前景进行展望。     

Down－regulated expression of atypical PKC－binding domain deleted asip isoforms in human hepatocellular carcinomas

INTRODUCTIONCell polarity is the reflection of complex mechanisms that establish and maintain the functionally specialized regions in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and is fundamentally important for differentiation, proliferation, morphogenesis and other functions of simple and complicated organisms[1].Molecular mechanisms of cell polarity during animal development have been analyzed mainly in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster[2]. In early …