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Wen Yongdiao Liu Shaobin Zhang Haifeng Xu Yan Yu Qiming Wang Lingling Frezza Fabrizio 《Plasmonics (Norwell, Mass.)》2020,15(4):1141-1149
Plasmonics - Herein, an integrated multifunctional design for simultaneous perfect absorption and polarization conversion is proposed that worked in the Ku band: the proposed structure consisted of... 相似文献
993.
Ke Wang Jiayu Wang Klaus Hubacek Zhifu Mi Yi‐Ming Wei 《Journal of Industrial Ecology》2020,24(3):564-576
China's high‐speed economic development and reliance on overconsumption of natural resources have led to serious environmental pollution. Environmental taxation is seen as an effective economic tool to help mitigate air pollution. In order to assess the effects of different scenarios of environmental taxation policies, we propose a frontier‐based environmentally extended input–output optimization model with explicit emission abatement sectors to reflect the inputs and benefits of abatement. Frontier analysis ensures policy scenarios are assessed under the same technical efficiency benchmark, while input–output analysis depicts the wide range of economic transactions among sectors of an economy. Four scenarios are considered in this study, which are increasing specific tax rates of SO2, NOx, and soot and dust separately and increasing all three tax rates simultaneously. Our estimation results show that: raising tax rates of SO2, NOx, and soot and dust simultaneously would have the highest emission reduction effects, with the SO2 tax rate making the greatest contribution to emission reduction. Raising the soot and dust tax rate is the most environmentally friendly strategy due to its highest abatement to welfare through avoided health costs. The combination of frontier analysis and input–output analysis provides policy makers a comprehensive and sectoral approach to assess costs and benefits of environmental taxation. 相似文献
994.
Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents differs in comparison to adults with respect to epidemiology, host responses, and disease manifestations. Furthermore, treatment options are limited in this population and antibiotic resistance rates continue to increase. Therefore, ongoing research is vital to understand disease pathogenesis and provide optimal management of children with infection. This review summarizes relevant publications from April 2019 to March 2020. Similar to adults, recent studies show a decreasing prevalence of infection in the pediatric population. Studies of pathogenesis investigated serum immune responses and the potential inverse association of infection and allergy. Several studies investigated the effect of H pylori and related inflammation on the gut microbiome. The recommendation of endoscopy‐based testing to identify the cause of symptoms and not just H pylori, reserving noninvasive UBT or stool antigen tests for post‐eradication follow‐up, was supported by the current literature. 相似文献
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Olga P. Nyssen Angeles Perez‐Aisa Luis Rodrigo Manuel Castro Pilar Mata Romero Juan Ortuo Jesus Barrio Jose Maria Huguet Ines Modollel Noelia Alcaide Alfredo Lucendo Xavier Calvet Monica Perona Barbara Gomez Blas Jose Gomez Rodriguez Pilar Varela Manuel Jimenez‐Moreno Manuel Dominguez‐Cajal Liliana Pozzati Diego Burgos Luis Bujanda Jenifer Hinojosa Javier Molina‐Infante Tommaso Di Maira Luis Ferrer Luis Fernndez‐Salazar Ariadna Figuerola Llucia Tito Cristobal de la Coba Judith Gomez‐Camarero Nuria Fernandez Maria Caldas Ana Garre Elena Resina Ignasi Puig Colm OMorain Francis Megraud Javier P. Gisbert 《Helicobacter》2020,25(5)
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Yara A. Samra Mohamed F. Hamed Ahmed R. El‐Sheakh 《Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology》2020,34(5)
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose leads to liver injury. NLRP3 inflammasome is a key player in APAP‐induced inflammation. Also, apoptosis and liver regeneration play an important role in liver injury. Therefore, we assessed allicin's protective effect on APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity and studied its effect on NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis. Mice in the APAP group were injected by APAP (250 mg/kg, intraperitoneal). The allicin‐treated group received allicin orally (10 mg/kg/d) during 7 days before APAP injection. Serum and hepatic tissues were separated 24 hours after APAP injection. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) were assessed using the colorimetric method. Hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase‐1, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) were estimated using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Hepatic Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. APAP significantly increased AST, ALT, and ALP, whereas allicin significantly decreased their levels. Also, APAP significantly decreased albumin and allicin significantly improved it. APAP produced changes in liver morphology, including inflammation and massive coagulative necrosis. Allicin protected the liver from APAP‐induced necrosis, apoptosis, and hepatocellular degeneration via increasing Bcl‐2 and Ki‐67 levels. APAP significantly increased the hepatic MDA, whereas allicin significantly prevented this increase. APAP markedly activated the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and consequently increased the production of caspase‐1 and IL‐1β. Interestingly, we found that allicin significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which resulted in decreased caspase‐1 and IL‐1β levels. Allicin has a hepatoprotective effect against APAP‐induced liver injury via the decline of oxidative stress and inhibition of the inflammasome pathway and apoptosis. Therefore, allicin might be a novel tool to halt the progression of APAP‐stimulated hepatotoxicity. 相似文献
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