Effects of alkylating agents on lymphocytes from controls and from patients with Fanconi's anemia

Summary The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and chromosome aberrations and the dynamics of cell division in peripheral blood lymphocytes of four patients with Fanconi's anemia were studied after in vitro exposure to alkylating agents TEPA and mitomycin.SCE frequency was significantly increased even after very low doses of mutagens, while chromosome aberrations were significantly increased only after high doses (0.160 g/ml mitomycin and 10^-5 M TEPA). The responses of Fanconi's anemia cells and control cells did not differ significantly. The increased frequency of both SCE and chromosome aberrations was accompanied by gradual delay of cell division, which was most conspicuous in cells from patients with Fanconi's anemia.     

Effects of protease treatment on growth,morphology, adhesion,and cell surface proteins of secondary chick embryo fibroblasts

Several proteolytic enzymes have been studied with regard to their ability to induce DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in resting chick embryo fibroblasts. Of the enzymes examined, thrombin, bromelin, and trypsin exhibit potent mitogenic activity, elastase has significant but less marked activity, whereas thermolysin, papain, and α-protease are inactive. The enzymes were also tested for their ability to induce morphological change or to remove two iodinatable proteins of 250,000 and 205,000 daltons. Although the larger protein is removed by some but not all of the proteases examined, every protease tested removed the smaller cell surface protein. The ability of proteases to stimulate cell growth could not be correlated directly with removal of either of these cell surface proteins; however, loss of the smaller protein does correlate with the reduction of both cytoplasmic spreading and cell-cell interactions observed after protease treatment. A secondary, later event of migration of cells into clumps is observed in those instances when protease treatment did not result in a loss of the 250K protein. A role for each of these proteins in the processes of cellular adhesion is discussed.     

全域旅游发展背景下旅游用地概念及分类——社会生态系统视角

随着全域旅游的实施,旅游用地的内涵和外延在不断拓展,旅游用地的综合性、复合性、多效益性以及空间分布的叠加性日益增强。传统的旅游用地概念内涵不清,分类支离破碎,过分强调功能,缺乏系统时空结构的阐述,导致旅游用地规划难以与其他规划相协调,资源可持续利用和区域整合发展受阻,旅游用地概念和分类面临严峻挑战。在分析旅游用地概念及分类现状,探讨存在的弊端和问题的基础上,基于旅游用地社会生态系统时空结构分析对全域旅游背景下旅游用地进行了概念界定和分类。设旅游用地为一级类,下设资源系统用地、用户系统用地、基底系统用地、相互联系用地4个二级类,资源管理用地等20个三级类用地和地文景观用地等53个四级类。并对全域旅游背景下旅游用地的概念及分类进行了讨论,认为:社会生态系统理念涵盖了全域旅游的全部内涵,重视系统的层级、结构、功能、演进和相互联系,利于构建不同时空阶段的旅游用地类型的用地结构标准,促进旅游用地的规范化、分类化管理,旅游用地的时序化和动态化预测和引导;重视生态功能和社会效益,有利于旅游用地生态环境质量和综合效益的提升;涵盖核心景区及外围要素,有利于解决景区与社区的矛盾,促进全域旅游的开展和区域可持续发展;强调旅游用地的复合性、综合性,有利于旅游规划与其他规划的融合。     

粤、闽、贵烟草青枯病菌分离株及其致病力

【目的】从粤、闽、贵3地烟草青枯病株中分离青枯病菌,测定其致病力并探讨判断致病力的方法。【方法】采用氯化三苯基四氮唑(简称TTC)培养基和蛋白质电泳相结合对青枯病菌致病力进行测定,并分析菌株生化型。【结果】已分离出烟草青枯病菌59株,依据致病力进行划分,无致病力菌株5株,有致病力菌株54株。不同致病力菌株蛋白电泳特定条带存在差异。粤、闽、贵3地烟草青枯病菌有致病力菌株均占主导地位,广东有致病力菌株比例略大,福建次之,贵州最小。按生化型划分,59株青枯病菌中1株属于生化型Ⅳ外,其他58株属于生化型Ⅲ或其亚型生化型Ⅲ-1。【结论】烟草青枯病菌致病力存在差异,SDS-PAGE蛋白指纹中的特定条带可作为判定青枯病菌有无致病力的依据。     

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of primate cardiopulmonary aging

Aging is a major risk factor for many diseases,especially in highly prevalent cardiopulmonary comorbidities and infectious diseases including Coronavirus Diseas...     

A Human Active Lower Limb Model for Chinese Pedestrian Safety Evaluation

A subsystem impactor test for pedestrian lower limb injury evaluation has been brought in China New Car Assessment Protocol(CNCAP).Concerning large anthropometr...     

成都平原水稻-小麦轮作系统NO排放及其主要影响因素

应用静态暗箱-化学发光氮氧化物分析法对成都平原水稻-小麦轮作系统进行了1.5个轮作周期的NO排放定位观测,分析了NO排放特征及施氮、土壤温度、土壤湿度和作物参与对NO排放的影响。结果表明:成都平原水稻-小麦轮作系统在不施氮情况下,表现为土壤NO负排放(吸收),而施氮(N150kg/hm²)时NO排放通量为(5.5±3.3)μg m^-2 h^-1,施氮能显著增加土壤NO排放量,并且其效应在水热条件较好的水稻季更明显。整个观测期NO排放量有56.1%来自水稻季,而2个小麦季和休闲期NO排放量分别占32.5%和11.4%,由于休闲期NO高排放主要是作物收获后的几次翻地引起的,因此,减少休闲期翻地次数可能会有效减少NO排放。土壤温度是影响NO排放的首要环境因素,并且两者呈线性回归关系,土壤湿度对NO排放的影响因土壤湿度本身状况而异,土壤湿度条件较差时,其增加有利于NO排放,而当土壤湿度较好时会抑制NO排放。此外,土壤水热条件还是造成NO负排放(吸收)和作物参与对水稻季和小麦季NO排放贡献有别的重要原因。     

TEB/POLQ plays dual roles in protecting Arabidopsis from NO-induced DNA damage

Nitric oxide (NO) is a key player in numerous physiological processes. Excessive NO induces DNA damage, but how plants respond to this damage remains unclear. We screened and identified an Arabidopsis NO hypersensitive mutant and found it to be allelic to TEBICHI/POLQ, encoding DNA polymerase θ. The teb mutant plants were preferentially sensitive to NO- and its derivative peroxynitrite-induced DNA damage and subsequent double-strand breaks (DSBs). Inactivation of TEB caused the accumulation of spontaneous DSBs largely attributed to endogenous NO and was synergistic to DSB repair pathway mutations with respect to growth. These effects were manifested in the presence of NO-inducing agents and relieved by NO scavengers. NO induced G2/M cell cycle arrest in the teb mutant, indicative of stalled replication forks. Genetic analyses indicate that Polθ is required for translesion DNA synthesis across NO-induced lesions, but not oxidation-induced lesions. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that Polθ bypasses NO-induced base adducts in an error-free manner and generates mutations characteristic of Polθ-mediated end joining. Our experimental data collectively suggests that Polθ plays dual roles in protecting plants from NO-induced DNA damage. Since Polθ is conserved in higher eukaryotes, mammalian Polθ may also be required for balancing NO physiological signaling and genotoxicity.