Rad9 plays an important role in DNA mismatch repair through physical interaction with MLH1

Rad9 is conserved from yeast to humans and plays roles in DNA repair (homologous recombination repair, and base-pair excision repair) and cell cycle checkpoint controls. It has not previously been reported whether Rad9 is involved in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). In this study, we have demonstrated that both human and mouse Rad9 interacts physically with the MMR protein MLH1. Disruption of the interaction by a single-point mutation in Rad9 leads to significantly reduced MMR activity. This disruption does not affect S/M checkpoint control and the first round of G₂/M checkpoint control, nor does it alter cell sensitivity to UV light, gamma rays or hydroxyurea. Our data indicate that Rad9 is an important factor in MMR and carries out its MMR function specifically through interaction with MLH1.     

OsTDL1A binds to the LRR domain of rice receptor kinase MSP1, and is required to limit sporocyte numbers

Hybrids lose heterotic yield advantage when multiplied sexually via meiosis. A potential alternative breeding system for hybrids is apospory, where female gametes develop without meiosis. Common among grasses, apospory begins in the nucellus, where aposporous initials (AIs) appear near the sexual megaspore mother cell (MeMC). The cellular origin of AIs is obscure, but one possibility, suggested by the mac1 and msp1 mutants of maize and rice, is that AIs are apomeiotic derivatives of the additional MeMCs that appear when genetic control over sporocyte numbers is relaxed. MULTIPLE SPOROCYTES1 (MSP1) encodes a leucine-rich-repeat receptor kinase, which is orthologous to EXS/EMS1 in Arabidopsis. Like mac1 and msp1, exs/ems1 mutants produce extra sporocytes in the anther instead of a tapetum, causing male sterility. This phenotype is copied in mutants of TAPETUM DETERMINANT1 (TPD1), which encodes a small protein hypothesized to be an extracellular ligand of EXS/EMS1. Here we show that rice contains two TPD1-like genes, OsTDL1A and OsTDL1B. Both are co-expressed with MSP1 in anthers during meiosis, but only OsTDL1A and MSP1 are co-expressed in the ovule. OsTDL1A binds to the leucine-rich-repeat domain of MSP1 in yeast two-hybrid assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation in onion cells; OsTDL1B lacks this capacity. When driven by the maize Ubiquitin1 promoter, RNA interference against OsTDL1A phenocopies msp1 in the ovule but not in the anther. Thus, RNAi produces multiple MeMCs without causing male sterility. We conclude that OsTDL1A binds MSP1 in order to limit sporocyte numbers. OsTDL1A-RNAi lines may be suitable starting points for achieving synthetic apospory in rice.     

Application of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing consortium to achieve completely autotrophic ammonium and sulfate removal

The simultaneous ammonium and sulfate removal was detected in an anammox reactor, consisted of ammonium oxidization with sulfate deoxidization, and subsequently traditional anammox process, in via of middle medium nitrite with solid sulfur and N2 as the terminal products. The pure anammox bacteria offered a great biotechnological potential for the completely autotrophic reaction indicated by batch tests. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis further revealed that a new organism belonging to Planctomycetales was strongly enriched in the defined niche: the redox of ammonium and sulfate. The new species "Anammoxoglobussulfate" was so considered as holding a critical role in the ammonium oxidization with sulfate deoxidization to nitrite. Afterwards, the Planctomyces existing in the bacteria community performed the anammox process together to achieve the complete nitrogen and sulfate removal. The potential use of sulfate as electron acceptor for ammonium oxidizing widens the usage of anammox bacteria.     

代谢基因工程提高作物产量的分子靶标

应用基因工程技术对植物细胞内的代谢途径进行遗传修饰,已成功地使细胞代谢发生改变或合成新的化合物。光合作用,淀粉合成,氮素同化和水分利用等是形成作物产量的基础代谢。对这些代谢途径中的关键步骤和靶分子进行基因修饰以提高作物产量的研究已取得长足的进展,并正在发展成为提高作物产量的新途径。本文着重论述应用代谢基因工程提高作物产量的技术策略,研究现状,存在的问题,所面临的挑战和应用前景。     

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of interleukin-10 by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.

Interleukin-10 (IL10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in a variety of immune- and inflammatory-related diseases. We investigated the following SNPs: -1082, -819, -592 in the promoter region of IL10 in a normal (control) population and selected diseases: breast cancer (BrCa), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and found distinct genotype and haplotype patterns. DHPLC was performed using the Transgenomic WAVE instrument, a mutational discovery tool that allows for high throughout analysis of SNPs. The principle of DHPLC is based on separation of homo- and heteroduplex formation of individual polymerase chain reaction products at specific melting temperatures and set gradients. The melting temperature selected for each SNP was based on size and sequence of the polymerase chain reaction product (for -1082, 57 degrees C; for -819, 58 degrees C; and for -592, 59.2 degrees C). Before fragment mutational analysis, all samples were denatured at 95 degrees C and slowly reannealed to allow for reassociation of different strands. Heteroduplex samples were easily distinguished from homoduplex samples. In order to identify wild type from homozygous mutant, two homoduplex polymerase chain reaction samples had to be mixed together, denatured at 95 degrees C and reannealed. The homozygous mutant, when combined with wild type, displayed a double peak on chromatogram. Once distinct chromatograms were established for each of the SNPs and the nucleotide changes confirmed by sequencing, genotype and haplotype frequencies were tabulated for the groups studied.     

新疆桑属植物栽培居群的遗传多样性研究

应用RAPD分子标记对新疆不同地区栽培的桑属植物2种3个分类群共11个居群进行了遗传多样性研究。结果表明,新疆桑属栽培植物中虽然存在较为丰富的遗传多样性,多态位点比率(PPB)为87．39％,Shannon多样性指数为0．3997,但在栽培居群内的遗传变异水平相对较低;在不同居群间遗传变异水平仔住很人差异,各居群的多态位点比率(PPB)为4．5％至45．95％,Shannon多样性指数为0．0312至0．2339;白桑(Morus alba L．)及其变种鞑靼桑(Morus alba L．var．tatarica)居群内的遗传变异水平远高于黑桑种(Morus nigra)。新疆桑属植物栽培居群内较低的遗传变异水平与其采用扦插等无性繁殖方式有关。分析全部的遗传变异显示,11个栽培居群之间的基因分化系数(Gst)为0．3541,其中桑及其变种9个居群间的基因分化系数为0．4597,黑桑种2个居群问的基因分化系数为0．4728。AMOVA分析表明,在全部遗传变异中,黑桑种和白桑种2个物种之间的遗传变异占59．16％,居群间遗传变异为17．46％。遗传距离和聚类分析也表明,黑桑种和白桑种及其变种鞑靼桑之间存在很大的遗传分化。     

改性瓜尔胶的研究进展

瓜尔胶是一种天然的半乳甘露聚糖,广泛用于食品、日化、医药等行业.改性瓜尔胶的性能具有较大改善,近年来瓜尔胶的改性研究成为热点.论述了瓜尔胶结构和性质以及改性瓜尔胶的研究进展,为瓜尔胶进一步开发研究提供参考.     

江苏省直立穗型粳稻品种主要农艺性状和品质性状分析

通过对江苏省淮北稻区种植的主要粳稻品种品质状况和近十年来育成的直立穗型粳稻品种(系)主要品质和农艺性状的分析,发现前期育成直立穗型粳稻品种相时半直立穗型粳稻品种加工品质低,垩白率高和垩白度大,蛋白质含量高;而近期育成直立穗型粳稻品种在上述品质指标上有了较大改进,食味品质也有了显著提高.在主要农艺性状中,近期育成品种呈现每穗总粒数上升、穗长变长、着粒密度下降趋势,产量水平的提高与每穗粒数的增加有着紧密相关.     

不同浓度NaCl溶液对水稻不同品种(系)幼苗生长的影响

在清水和0.25%、0.5%的NaCl溶液中分别砂培38份水稻品种(系),测芽长、根长、鲜重和干重,计算芽长敏感指数、根长敏感指数、鲜重敏感指数、干重敏感指数,研究水稻的耐盐性.根据相关分析,主成分分析和聚类分析,选出6个主成分(即芽长因子,干重因子,根敏感因子,芽敏感因子,低盐胁迫、鲜重敏感因子),将全部品系分成5个类群并筛选出8个综合品质特性较好的材料(即滇榆3号A,Kyongsan 2,Talsung 18,Kwangyang7-1,Keng Chi Ju,Thou Bir,Ma Gu Tsaw,Tie Gau Tsan).