氮肥后移对花后受渍冬小麦灌浆特性及产量构成的影响

2010～2012年连续2个生长季,以小麦品种‘烟农19’为材料,大田试验按基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥比例设为氮肥处理N1(10∶0∶0)、N2(7∶3∶0)、N3(5∶5∶0)、N4(3∶5∶2),采用多项式、Logistic方程拟合不同氮肥运筹对花后受渍冬小麦灌浆期籽粒体积与干重变化过程,研究不同氮肥运筹对花后受渍冬小麦灌浆特性及产量构成的影响.结果表明:(1)两年度间各指标变化趋势基本一致,故各指标结果按其两年度平均值计算.(2)花后渍水使冬小麦籽粒体积减小11.8％,灌浆速率降低15.4％,灌浆历期缩短9.2％,千粒重降低20.9％,穗粒数减少7.0％,籽粒产量降低26.6％,而对穗数无显著影响.相对于氮肥全部作为基肥处理N1,氮肥后移处理N2、N3、N1的小麦籽粒体积分别增加10.2％、15.0％、19.4％,灌浆速率分别提高8.5％、16.0％、18.2％,灌浆历期分别延长5.0％、9.4％、11.5％,千粒重分别增加11.9％、20.2％ 、25.6％,穗粒数分别增加7.9％、12.3％、14.6％,产量分别提高18.1％ 、29.6％、37.6％,而穗数分别降低2.2％、3.8％、4.3％.(3)各灌浆参数与冬小麦籽粒产量的关联度表明,花后渍水逆境对灌浆速率的影响大于对灌浆历期的影响,氮肥后移主要通过提高小麦中后期灌浆速率缓解渍水逆境胁迫伤害.研究认为,在花后土壤受渍冬小麦生产区,生产中可获得最高小麦产量的最佳氮肥运筹模式为N4(3∶5∶2)处理.     

FKF1 F-box protein promotes flowering in part by negatively regulating DELLA protein stability under long-day photoperiod in Arabidopsis

FLAVIN‐BINDING KELCH REPEAT F‐BOX 1 (FKF1) encodes an F‐box protein that regulates photoperiod flowering in Arabidopsis under long‐day conditions (LDs). Gibberellin (GA) is also important for regulating flowering under LDs. However, how FKF1 and the GA pathway work in concert in regulating flowering is not fully understood. Here, we showed that the mutation of FKF1 could cause accumulation of DELLA proteins, which are crucial repressors in GA signaling pathway, thereby reducing plant sensitivity to GA in flowering. Both in vitro and in vivo biochemical analyses demonstrated that FKF1 directly interacted with DELLA proteins. Furthermore, we showed that FKF1 promoted ubiquitination and degradation of DELLA proteins. Analysis of genetic data revealed that FKF1 acted partially through DELLAs to regulate flowering under LDs. In addition, DELLAs exerted a negative feedback on FKF1 expression. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that FKF1 promotes flowering partially by negatively regulating DELLA protein stability under LDs, and suggesting a potential mechanism linking the FKF1 to the GA signaling DELLA proteins.     

Assessment of fish communities using environmental DNA: Effect of spatial sampling design in lentic systems of different sizes

Freshwater fish biodiversity is quickly decreasing and requires effective monitoring and conservation. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based methods have been shown to be highly sensitive and cost‐efficient for aquatic biodiversity surveys, but few studies have systematically investigated how spatial sampling design affects eDNA‐detected fish communities across lentic systems of different sizes. We compared the spatial patterns of fish diversity determined using eDNA in three lakes of small (SL; 3 ha), medium (ML; 122 ha) and large (LL; 4,343 ha) size using a spatially explicit grid sampling method. A total of 100 water samples (including nine, 17 and 18 shoreline samples and six, 14 and 36 interior samples from SL, ML and LL, respectively) were collected, and fish communities were analysed using eDNA metabarcoding of the mitochondrial 12S region. Together, 30, 35 and 41 fish taxa were detected in samples from SL, ML, and LL, respectively. We observed that eDNA from shoreline samples effectively captured the majority of the fish diversity of entire waterbodies, and pooled samples recovered fewer species than individually processed samples. Significant spatial autocorrelations between fish communities within 250 m and 2 km of each other were detected in ML and LL, respectively. Additionally, the relative sequence abundances of many fish species exhibited spatial distribution patterns that correlated with their typical habitat occupation. Overall, our results support the validity of a shoreline sampling strategy for eDNA‐based fish community surveys in lentic systems but also suggest that a spatially comprehensive sampling design can reveal finer distribution patterns of individual species.     

镁硅酸盐纳米粘土介导的深绿木霉HB20111的遗传转化

[背景]木霉菌遗传转化方法的烦琐复杂限制了对其基因克隆、基因功能的研究.[目的]建立深绿木霉HB20111便捷、高效的遗传转化体系.[方法]利用镁硅酸盐纳米粘土作为载体吸附含有荧光蛋白基因gfp的丝状真菌表达载体pCAMBIA1303-gpdA-GFP-TrpC-Hygro,形成质粒-镁硅酸盐纳米粘土复合物,在超声条件...     

Synergistic effects of anthropogenic disturbances on giant pandas

Livestock grazing and the collection of bamboo shoots are the main threats to giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat in the Liangshan Mountains in China. It is important to clarify the effect of these disturbances to the giant panda to formulate targeted management policies. Based on species distribution models and daily activity models, we investigated the effects of livestock grazing and bamboo shoot collection on giant pandas from May 2021 to July 2022. Our results indicated the giant panda's suitable habitat in the reserve covered 51.83 km² (15.02% of the reserve area). Grazing and bamboo shoot collection led to losses of 19.08 km² and 7.68 km² of suitable habitat, respectively. Together, the 2 activities resulted in a loss of 28.35 km² of suitable habitat, which was more than half of the area of panda habitat. The areas of suitable habitat for giant pandas significantly overlapped with the areas affected by both disturbances. Giant pandas did not show significant differences in daily activity rhythms under a single disturbance, but the daily activity rhythms of giant pandas differed when we compared the area combining the 2 disturbances with the undisturbed area. Our study reveals that the anthropogenic disturbances in the reserve have varying effects on the suitable habitat range and daily activity rhythm of giant pandas and evidence of a synergistic effect. Therefore, when formulating relevant conservation policies, it is important to fully evaluate the extent and characteristics of anthropogenic disturbances in shaping the population distribution and habitat preferences of the giant panda and other wildlife to enhance the efficacy of conservation management practices.     

Tbl3 regulates cell cycle length during zebrafish development

The regulation of cell cycle rate is essential for the correct timing of proliferation and differentiation during development. Changes to cell cycle rate can have profound effects on the size, shape and cell types of a developing organ. We previously identified a zebrafish mutant ceylon (cey) that has a severe reduction in T cells and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Here we find that the cey phenotype is due to absence of the gene transducin (beta)-like 3 (tbl3). The tbl3 homolog in yeast regulates the cell cycle by maintaining rRNA levels and preventing p53-induced cell death. Zebrafish tbl3 is maternally expressed, but later in development its expression is restricted to specific tissues. Tissues expressing tbl3 are severely reduced in cey mutants, including HSPCs, the retina, exocrine pancreas, intestine, and jaw cartilage. Specification of these tissues is normal, suggesting the reduced size is due to a reduced number of differentiated cells. Tbl3 MO injection into either wild-type or p53-/- mutant embryos phenocopies cey, indicating that loss of tbl3 causes specific defects in cey. Progression of both hematopoietic and retinal development is delayed beginning at 3 day post fertilization due to a slowing of the cell cycle. In contrast to yeast, reduction of Tbl3 causes a slowing of the cell cycle without a corresponding increase in p53 induced cell death. These data suggest that tbl3 plays a tissue-specific role regulating cell cycle rate during development.     

卧龙自然保护区大熊猫空间利用格局动态变化特征

野生动物在长期的栖息地选择过程中,能判断其生境质量,而趋向于选择既能降低能量消耗,又能获得营养价值和能量净收益较高的有利生境。以往的研究多是从统计学方法或宏观尺度对大熊猫生境进行评价,很少考虑到野生动物自身生物学特性及生境选择过程中的空间利用特征。本研究结合家域模型与景观格局分析技术定量分析大熊猫实际空间利用格局的动态变化特征及其破碎化程度,进而反映不同时期大熊猫生境选择模式及栖息地生境适宜性的动态变化。结果表明：卧龙自然保护区大熊猫在对栖息地的实际利用过程中向更适宜的区域集中,使得高适宜等级区域面积有所增大;而边缘生境区域更容易受到自然灾害和人为因素的干扰,破碎化加剧,需要在保护工作中引起足够的重视。从大熊猫行为模式特征出发,在不同时空尺度上,评估大熊猫对生境选择的空间格局变化特征,丰富了野生动物栖息地适宜性评价的时空尺度选择,为更准确地制定保护区管理政策提供了有效的工具。     

基于PAE 编码系统的太行山猕猴行为谱

2009 年2 月至2010 年3 月,在河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区济源管理局愚公管理分局所辖的天坛山
管护区,利用焦点动物取样法,观察并记录了野生太行山猕猴行为的发生过程、内容和环境。基于以“姿势-
动作- 环境”(Posture-act-environment,PAE)为轴心、以行为生态功能为依据的PAE 编码系统,对野生太行山
猕猴的行为进行分类和系统编码并构建PAE 行为谱。结果:1)研究中分辨并记录到猕猴的14 种姿势,93 种动
作,121 种行为;2)将所记录到的行为分别划归于摄食、排遗、调温、配对、交配、育幼、竞争、亲密、聚群、
通讯、休息、运动和其他等13 个类别中;3)得到了基于PAE 编码系统的野生太行山猕猴行为谱。     

拟南芥ZTL/FKF1/LKP2蛋白家族功能研究进展

植物通过各类受体来感知外界环境的改变从而调节自身的生长和发育情况。在拟南芥中,植物主要通过隐花色素(Cryptochromes)和向光素(Phototropins)感知蓝光。同时ZEITLUPE (ZTL),FLAVIN-BINDING KELCH REPEAT F-box1 (FKF1)和LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2)蛋白家族也作为蓝光受体参与调控植物生长发育过程。因其特殊的蛋白结构组成,在植物的光周期开花、节律性和光形态建成等方面发挥了重要的调控作用。近来,ZTL/FKF1/LKP2蛋白家族被发现参与植物逆境胁迫响应。本文归纳了ZTL/FKF1/LKP2的生物学功能研究进展,并对其作用机制进行了总结与讨论。