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131.
Shumin Guo Jie Wu Zhaoqiang Han Zhutao Li Pinshang Xu Shuwei Liu Jinyang Wang Jianwen Zou 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2023,15(4):478-493
Existing studies suggest that biochar application can reduce soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, mainly based on short-term results. However, it remains unclear what the effects (i.e., legacy effects) and underlying mechanisms are on N2O emissions after many years of a single application of biochar. Here, we collected intact soil columns from plots without and with biochar application in a subtropical tea plantation 7 years ago for an incubation experiment. We used the N2O isotopocule analysis combined with ammonia oxidizer-specific inhibitors and molecular biology approaches to investigate how the legacy effect of biochar affected soil N2O emissions. Results showed that the soil in the presence of biochar had lower N2O emissions than the control albeit statistically insignificant. The legacy effect of biochar in decreasing N2O emissions may be attributed to the reduced effectiveness of the soil substrate, nitrification and denitrification activities, and the promotion of the further reduction of N2O. The legacy effect of biochar reduced the relative contribution of nitrifier denitrification/bacterial denitrification, nitrification-related N2O production, and the relative abundance of several microorganisms involved in the nitrogen cycle. Our global meta-analysis also showed that the reduction of N2O by biochar increased with increasing application rate but diminished and possibly even reversed with increasing experimental time. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the abatement capacity of biochar on soil N2O emissions may weaken over time after biochar application, but this remains under further investigation. 相似文献
132.
The type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and its docking protein, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), play important roles in cell transformation, cell differentiation and aging. IRS-1 and other IRS proteins can, under certain conditions, localize to the nuclei of cells, where they undergo interactions with nuclear and nucleolar proteins. In this study, we confirm and extend these observations, demonstrating that IRS-1 is preferentially nuclear in growing cells. Differentiation and inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis cause subcellular redistribution of IRS-1 and other nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm. 相似文献
133.
Summary Using a combinatorial peptide library method, we identified YIYGSFK as an efficient and specific peptide substrate for pp60c-src protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) [Lam et al., Int. J. Pept. Protein Res., 45 (1995) 587]. Employing YIYGSFK as a template, we synthesized and evaluated a series of pseudosubstrate-based inhibitors for pp60c-src. We found that the efficiency of a given inhibitor was highly dependent on the specific tyrosine analog used at the phosphorylation site of the substrate. One of these pseudosubstrate inhibitors, YI(2-Nal)GSFK, selectively inhibited the kinase activity of pp60c-src, with a Ki of 24 M. This peptide inhibitor exhibited selectivity for pp60c-src as compared to other PTKs tested, such as c-Abl and Bcr-Abl. Our results suggest that selective inhibitors for a specific PTK can be developed when the structure of a specific and efficient small peptide substrate for this PTK can be used as a template for structure modification.Abbreviations 1-Nal
l-1-naphthylalanine
- 2-Nal
l-2-naphthylalanine
- BOP
benzotriazolyl-N-oxy-tris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
- BSA
bovine serum albumin
- cAPK
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase
- DIEA
diisopropylethylamine
- EGFR
epidermal growth factor receptor
- Fmoc
fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
- HOBt
1-hydroxybenzotriazole
- MES
2-[N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid
- PBS
phosphate-buffered salts
- pCl
l-p-chlorophenylalanine
- pF
l-p-fluorophenylalanine
- PTK
protein tyrosine kinase
- TLC
thin-layer chromatography 相似文献
134.
A genetic approach to the understanding of tree architecture is to cross trees of contrasting features and to study their
segregating F2 progenies. For this purpose, members of a 3-generation pedigree, combining Populus trichocarpa, P. deltoides, and their F1 and F2 offspring, were grown side by side in a clonally replicated plantation. At 2 and 3 years of growth, tree architecture was
analyzed at the stem, branch, and leaf levels. In all generations, proleptic branches were more numerous, longer, and had
more and larger leaves than sylleptics initiated in the same year. The analysis of variance revealed significant genotypic
effects on growth, branch and leaf biometrics in the F2 family, with broad-sense heritabilities (H2) ranging from 0.50 to 0.80 for most traits. For branch and leaf traits, the H2 values were found to vary among branch types and crown positions. In year 2, the degree of genetic control was stronger for
sylleptics than proleptics and for upper than lower crown positions. These patterns were followed in year 3, except that H2 values were more a function of position within crown, as a consequence of increased competition among trees. The genetic
correlations between branch/leaf morphology and stem growth were also a function of branch type and crown position. Generally,
traits on proleptics or at upper positions were more tightly correlated with height growth, whereas those on sylleptics or
at lower positions, with basal area growth. By year 3, proleptic traits showed increased genetic correlations with both height
and radial growth. The implications of these results for the construction of ideotypes are discussed.
Received: 1 December 1995 相似文献
135.
136.
二氢叶酸还原酶结合底物的去除 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分析了应用氨甲蝶呤(MTX-Agarose)亲和层析法提纯的鸡肝二氢叶酸还原酶的组成和性质.建立了用平面粒度胶等电聚焦法去除与酶紧密结合底物的方法.讨论了结合底物对酶构象研究的影响,并指出,用未完全去除结合底物的酶研究酶在变性过程构象变化会得到错误的结论. 相似文献
137.
为克隆肺腺癌分化相关基因, 采用诱导分化与消减杂交相结合的策略, 建立了全反式维甲酸(RA)诱导前后人肺腺癌细胞系的cDNA消减文库, 得到124个cDNA消减克隆. 经加减法杂交差异筛选、DNA和RNA印迹、cDNA全序列测定和生物学功能分析, 分离到3个在人肺腺癌细胞系分化过程中由RA激活而特异表达的新的cDNA序列这一策略和技术路线适用于分离细胞中呈过量表达或表达抑制基因的cDNA克隆, 并具有反映细胞分化过程中基因表达动态变化特征和相对简便适用的特点. 相似文献
138.
五种高山藏医药用植物茎叶的结构特征研究 总被引:21,自引:5,他引:16
通过对青藏高原东北部3800m至5100m处生长的五种高山藏医药用植物茎叶的解剖观察发现,这些植物的叶表皮单层,气孔不下陷,但叶肉中的栅栏细胞多层,有的叶表面密被表皮毛、角质膜厚,茎叶中普遍形成发达的通气组织。这些特征是高寒地区空气稀薄、气温低、日照辐射强等外界条件长期作用的结果。 相似文献
139.
真菌诱导子对悬浮培养西洋参细胞的生理效应 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
报道了不同真菌诱导子对悬浮培养的西洋参(Panaxquinquefolium)细胞生长、皂甙和多糖合成,以及细胞内和培养液中过氧化物酶活性的生理效应。悬浮培养的西洋参细胞经刺盘孢菌(Colletotrichumnicoltianae)丝体诱导子处理后,总皂甙产率可由对照的296mg/L增加到679mg/L(约占细胞干重的(16.3%),比对照提高约1.3倍,而且总皂甙的85%排放在培养液中;经黑曲霉(Aspergillusnigran)诱导子处理后,细胞多糖含量可达到11.79%(细胞干重),比对照增加1倍多。初步纯化的刺盘孢菌丝体诱导子和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusuriumoxysporum)滤液诱导子在诱导处理前期能明显促进西洋参细胞生长,同时细胞内及培养液中过氧化物酶活性显著增加;随时间延长,细胞生长和酶活性逐步受到抑制。 相似文献
140.