竹叶眼子菜居群遗传多样性和克隆结构

采用ISSR技术对长江中游南岸豹澥湖和大冶湖不同生境中的竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)居群的遗传多样性及克隆结构进行了研究.结果表明,在两居群的106株个体中,利用6条ISSR引物共得到40条符合3/N标准并无连锁不平衡的清晰位点,竹叶眼子菜具有较高的遗传多样性,其多态位点百分率为75.0％,Shannon多样性指数为0.3736, 两居群的遗传分化很小.竹叶眼子菜的克隆多样性很高(D=0.9917),两居群间的克隆分化很大,不具有共有的基因型.竹叶眼子菜的基株分布为游击型构型,位于湖心的大冶居群克隆距离(3.0～31.5 m)明显地大于湖岸豹澥居群(2.4～6.7 m).     

猫延髓吻侧腹外侧区NPY、SOM和NT免疫反应物质的分布

生理学研究表明,延髓吻侧腹外侧区(RVL)在维持血压稳定方面起着关键的作用。本文用免疫组化ABC技术,观察了猫RVL神经肽Y(NPY)、生长抑素(SOM)和神经降压肽(NT)免疫反应(IR)细胞和纤维的分布,以便为研究此区血压调节功能的机制提供形态学资料。结果表明:NPY—、SOM—IR细胞和少量NT—IR细胞主要分布于旁巨细胞外侧核、外侧网状核吻侧部以及外侧网状核背侧紧邻的网状结构。这些细胞从RVL尾侧向吻侧逐渐减少。NPY—IR纤维分布于旁巨细胞外侧核以及外侧网状核吻侧部的腹内侧区。NT—IR纤维较多,可见两丛中等密度的NT—IR纤维:一丛位于旁巨细胞外侧核;另一丛位于面后核、疑核以及二核紧邻的区域。此外还可见少量SOM—IR纤维。     

土壤健康的生物学表征与调控

如何有效判定土壤健康状态是实现农业绿色发展的基本问题。在现有的土壤健康评价体系中,很少考虑土壤生物在维持土壤健康方面的作用。基于此,本文论述了土壤健康的内涵,从土壤生物健康的角度,总结了土壤健康的生物学表征指标,阐述了土壤微生物、土壤酶活性、土壤微食物网及蚯蚓对土壤健康的指示作用。基于上述生物指标,从作物和土壤管理等方面探讨了不同农田管理措施对土壤健康状况的调控途径,并对土壤生物健康的未来发展趋势进行了展望。本文旨在增强科学家和决策者对维护土壤生物健康的认识,充分发挥土壤生物在生态系统服务中的重要作用。     

解脂亚罗酵母菌体外降甘油三酯降胆固醇效果研究

筛选出高效降三酰甘油降胆固醇菌株,为新型药物、食品的制备提供优良菌株。从样品中筛选分离出酵母菌株,并测定菌株降三酰甘油能力,采用磷硫铁比色法测定菌株降胆固醇能力,通过耐酸、耐胆盐及毒性实验研究菌株各项性能,通过生理生化及26S rDNA法对菌株进行鉴定。结果显示,试验筛选出1株高效降脂降胆固醇酵母菌EAM-ZT003T,降三酰甘油能力高达80.2%,菌株具有很好的耐酸、耐胆盐能力,为期42 d的小鼠毒性试验发现,小鼠未出现异常体征,未发现异常死亡,且解剖观察各器官一切正常,菌株经26S rDNA鉴定为解脂亚罗酵母菌(Yarrowia lipolytica)。     

关于晚古生代楔叶属(楔叶纲)的名实问题

简要回顾Sphenophyllum Koenig和Sphenophyllum Brongniart的研究历史,详细讨论该属命名中存在的问题。这两者是基于相同的模式（即Sphenophyllites emarginatus Brongniart,1822）建立的。根据2006年《国际植物命名法规》（维也纳法规）规则32．1,14．4和附录Ⅲ,Sphenophyllum Koenig因没有明确的发表日期（出版年）,故为非法名称,应予废弃;而Sphenophyllum Brongniart因广为使用已被提议为保留名,其命名异名Sphenophyllites Brongniart,1822应被废弃。因此,正确名称应是Sphenophyllum Brongniart,1828。     

缺失宿主Vta1蛋白的MIT结构域对杆状病毒AcMNPV复制的影响

【目的】克隆草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)Vta1基因,检测Vta1在苜蓿银纹夜蛾核多角体病毒(Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,AcMNPV)复制中的作用。【方法】利用反转录-PCR与PCR方法筛选草地贪夜蛾Vta1基因及缺失Vta1N-端MIT结构域的突变体并构建其瞬时表达质粒,通过转染Sf9细胞检测表达;构建Vta1及其突变体的双分子荧光互补表达质粒,并通过瞬时转染检测其与Vps4及ESCRT-III亚基Vps46与Vps60的相互作用;共转染gp64与Vta1及其突变体瞬时表达质粒,检测瞬时表达Vta1突变体对AcMNPV出芽型病毒产量及病毒基因启动子指导报告基因表达的影响。【结果】获得了草地贪夜蛾Vta1基因。氨基酸序列相似性分析表明,昆虫、酵母与人类Vta1同源蛋白的相似性分别约为20%与50%。Western blotting分析表明GFP标签的Vta1及其突变体均能在瞬时转染的Sf9细胞中表达。双分子荧光互补分析发现,缺失第1个或第2个MIT结构域显著降低Vta1突变体与Vps4、Vps46或Vps60的相互作用。此外,瞬时表达Vta1突变体显著降低了AcMNPV感染性出芽型病毒的产量,但并未影响AcMNPVie1基因早期启动子和p6.9基因晚期启动子指导的LacZ和GUS报告基因的表达。【结论】Vta1可能参与杆状病毒AcMNPV子代病毒粒子的组装和/或出芽释放过程。     

Mouse zona pellucida glycoproteins mZP2 and mZP3 undergo carboxy-terminal proteolytic processing in growing oocytes.

The extracellular coat, or zona pellucida, of the mouse egg consists of three glycoproteins, called mZP1-3. The glycoproteins are synthesized and secreted concomitantly by growing oocytes during their 2-3-week growth phase. Each of the glycoproteins has a consensus furin cleavage site (-Arg-X-Lys/Arg-Arg-) near the C-terminus of their polypeptide. Here, several approaches were employed to determine whether nascent mZP2 and mZP3 are cleaved at the consensus sites, -Arg-Ser-Lys-Arg- and -Arg-Asn-Arg-Arg-, respectively, prior to secretion. Molecular mass determinations of deglycosylated mZP2 and mZP3 suggest that their polypeptides are approximately 9 and approximately 7 kDa smaller, respectively, than predicted from exon sequences. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic analyses were also carried out to identify amino acids released from the C-terminus of mZP2 and mZP3 by carboxypeptidase B. On the basis of exon sequences, there are no Arg residues at the predicted C-terminus of the mature glycoproteins. However, for both mZP2 and mZP3, Arg residues were released by carboxypeptidase B, consistent with processing at the consensus furin cleavage site. Furthermore, an antiserum raised against an mZP3 peptide, located downstream of the consensus furin cleavage site, failed to label purified mZP3 on Western immunoblots. The antiserum also failed to label the zona pellucida of oocytes examined by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that mZP2 and mZP3 are processed at their consensus furin cleavage site prior to secretion and incorporation into the zona pellucida.     

鸡减蛋综合征病毒(EDSV)基因组右末端结构的分析

从中国发病鸡中分离的鸡减蛋综合征病毒（ＥｇｇＤｒｏｐＳｙｎｄｒｏｍＶｉｒｕｓ,ＥＤＳＶ）弱毒株（ＡＡ－２）,其基因组全长约为３３ｋｂ。用限制性内切酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ水解ＥＤＳＶ全基因组,构建了以ｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔⅡ（ＫＳ＋）为载体的右末端片段的克隆（约４．２ｋｂ）,对其进行了序列测定和结构分析。该片段全长４１８３个碱基对（ｂｐ）,位于基因组右末端８７．３ｍ．ｕ．－１００ｍ．ｕ．。结果显示,该片段与哺乳动物腺病毒右末端Ｅ４区结构不同,与禽Ⅰ型腺病毒代表株ＣＥＬＯ右末端片段亦无同源性。本文为深入了解ＥＤＳＶ基因组结构特点,ＥＤＳＶ与其他腺病毒基因结构与功能的进化关系和ＥＤＳＶ载体的构建奠定了分子生物学基础     

Movement of the decoding region of the 16 S ribosomal RNA accompanies tRNA translocation

The ribosome undergoes pronounced periodic conformational changes during protein synthesis. Of particular importance are those occurring around the decoding site, the region of the 16 S rRNA interacting with the mRNA-(tRNA)(2) complex. We have incorporated structural information from X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance into cryo-electron microscopic maps of ribosomal complexes designed to capture structural changes at the translocation step of the polypeptide elongation cycle. The A-site region of the decoding site actively participates in the translocation of the tRNA from the A to the P-site upon GTP hydrolysis by elongation factor G, shifting approximately 8 A toward the P-site. This implies that elongation factor G actively pushes both the decoding site and the mRNA/tRNA complex during translocation.