In Situ Conversion of Cu3P Nanowires to Mixed Ion/Electron‐Conducting Skeleton for Homogeneous Lithium Deposition

The introduction of 3D wettable current collectors is one of the practical strategies toward realizing high reversibility of lithium (Li) metal anodes, yet its effect is usually insufficient owing to single electron‐conductive skeleton. Here, homogeneous Li deposition behavior and enhanced Coulombic efficiency is reported for electrochemically lithiated Cu₃P nanowires, owing to the formation of a mixed ion/electron‐conducting skeleton (MIECS). In particular, by evaluating the Gibbs free energy change, the possible chemical reaction between Cu₃P and molten Li is used to construct a MIECS containing Li₃P and Cu–Li alloy phase. The successful conversion of Cu₃P nanowires to Li₃P and Cu–Li alloy nanocomposite not only greatly reduces the surface energy between molten Li and Cu₃P, but also induces uniform Li stripping/plating behavior via balanced ion/electron transport. Thus, the as‐obtained Li@MIECS composite anode displays superior cycling stability in both symmetric cells and full cells. This work provides a promising option for the preparation of high‐performance composite Li anodes containing MIECS by thermally pre‐storing Li.     

Codoped Holey Graphene Aerogel by Selective Etching for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Storage

The pursuit of more efficient carbon‐based anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) prepared from facile and economical methods is a very important endeavor. Based on the crystallinity difference within carbon materials, herein, a low‐temperature selective burning method is developed for preparing oxygen and nitrogen codoped holey graphene aerogel as additive‐free anode for SIBs. By selective burning of a mixture of graphene and low‐crystallinity carbon at 450 °C in air, an elastic porous graphene monolith with abundant holes on graphene sheets and optimized crystallinity is obtained. These structural characteristics lead to an additive‐free electrode with fast charge (ions and electrons) transfer and more abundant Na⁺ storage active sites. Moreover, the heteroatom oxygen/nitrogen doping favors large interlayer distance for rapid Na⁺ insertion/extraction and provides more active sites for high capacitive contribution. The optimized sample exhibits superior sodium‐ion storage capability, i.e., high specific capacity (446 mAh g^?1 at 0.1 A g^?1), ultrahigh rate capability (189 mAh g^?1 at 10 A g^?1), and long cycle life (81.0% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^?1). This facile and economic strategy might be extended to fabricating other superior carbon‐based energy storage materials.     

Near Neutral pH Redox Flow Battery with Low Permeability and Long‐Lifetime Phosphonated Viologen Active Species

A highly stable phosphonate‐functionalized viologen is introduced as the redox‐active material in a negative potential electrolyte for aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) operating at nearly neutral pH. The solubility is 1.23 m and the reduction potential is the lowest of any substituted viologen utilized in a flow battery, reaching ?0.462 V versus SHE at pH = 9. The negative charges in both the oxidized and the reduced states of 1,1′‐bis(3‐phosphonopropyl)‐[4,4′‐bipyridine]‐1,1′‐diium dibromide ( BPP?Vi ) effect low permeability in cation exchange membranes and suppress a bimolecular mechanism of viologen decomposition. A flow battery pairing BPP?Vi with a ferrocyanide‐based positive potential electrolyte across an inexpensive, non‐fluorinated cation exchange membrane at pH = 9 exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 0.9 V and a capacity fade rate of 0.016% per day or 0.00069% per cycle. Overcharging leads to viologen decomposition, causing irreversible capacity fade. This work introduces extremely stable, extremely low‐permeating and low reduction potential redox active materials into near neutral ARFBs.     

Industrial attributes of β-glucanase produced by Bacillus sp. CSB55 and its potential application as bio-industrial catalyst

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering - The β-glucanase produced from Bacillus sp. CSB55 not only depicts the potent industrial characteristics but also relates as bio-industrial catalyst...     

压力-应激对大鼠心肌细胞Cx43蛋白表达及心肌纤维化的影响

目的:探讨压力-应激对大鼠心肌细胞间隙连接蛋白-43(Cx43)蛋白表达及心肌纤维化的影响。方法:将20只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(n=10)和模型组(n=10),对照组正常饲养,模型组给予不可预测性复合应激结合孤养建立压力-应激大鼠模型。监测两组大鼠的体重变化,并通过组织形态学方法,探讨压力-应激对大鼠心肌细胞Cx43蛋白表达及心肌纤维化的影响。结果:在为期42天的造模过程中,从应激第7天开始,模型组大鼠体重明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。且模型组体重增长缓慢,体重增长百分比明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。与对照组相比,模型组大鼠组织HE染色可见心肌细胞排列紊乱,横纹消失,细胞间隙增大,部分肌纤维断裂、溶解,Masson染色可见心肌间质纤维化,胶原纤维增生、排列紊乱。心肌细胞免疫组化染色可见模型组Cx43蛋白表达明显下降(平均光密度值为0.0110±0.0028),与对照组相比(平均光密度值为0.0268±0.0025),差异具有统计学意义(t=-13.081,P<0.001)。结论:过度疲劳导致猝死的发生可能与Cx43蛋白表达水平的下降引起的恶性心律失常有关。     

不同剂量熊果酸干预糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的作用及机制研究

目的:探究不同剂量熊果酸(UA)干预糖尿病小鼠视网膜病变的作用及机制。方法:选取雄性健康C57BL/6小鼠60只,其中50只按50 mg/kg的剂量一次性往小鼠尾静脉注射新鲜配置的四氯嘧啶生理盐水溶液构建小鼠糖尿病视网膜病变模型,随机分为5组,每组10只,分别为模型组、阳性对照组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL 40 mg/m L的曲安奈德),低剂量UA干扰组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL剂量为0.5μg/μL的UA)、中剂量UA干扰组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL剂量为1.0μg/μL的UA),高剂量UA干扰组(小鼠玻璃体注射3μL剂量为2.0μg/μL的UA),余下10只小鼠作为正常对照组。观察各组小鼠对胰岛素敏感性、视网膜内糖代谢情况、小鼠视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)凋亡情况,比较各组小鼠视网膜组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)、基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)蛋白及其mRNA的表达情况。结果:建模后,正常对照组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、视网膜含糖量、葡萄糖转运体-1(GLUT-1)与葡萄糖转运体-3(GLUT-3)含量、RGCs凋亡率、视网膜组织中VEGF、COX-2、MMP-2蛋白及其mRNA的表达量低于模型组(P0.05);经干扰后,阳性对照组、不同剂量UA干扰组HOMA-IR、视网膜含糖量、GLUT-1、GLUT-3的含量、RGCs凋亡率、视网膜组织中VEGF、COX-2、MMP-2蛋白及其mRNA的表达量低于模型组(P0.05),且随UA干扰剂量的升高而降低(P0.05)。结论:UA能够降低HOMA-IR和视网膜糖代谢能力,抑制RGCs的凋亡,对VEGF、COX-2、MMP-2蛋白及其mRNA的表达具有一定的抑制作用,高剂量UA对糖尿病小鼠视网膜病预防治疗效果较好。     

中期因子在相关疾病发病机制和治疗中的研究进展

中期因子(Midkine,MK),是一种分泌型肝素结合性生长因子,具有促进细胞有丝分裂、诱导细胞恶化、促进微血管生成、抑制细胞凋亡、促进炎症介质趋化、促纤溶等功能特点;经研究发现,当机体处于健康状态时中期因子除了肾脏及小肠上皮少量表达,其他部位极少表达,但机体出现疾病时,中期因子在体内的表达明显增多,如在多种恶性肿瘤、动脉粥样硬化、各类炎症、糖尿病肾病、高血压及COPD等疾病中均监测到中期因子的高表达,进一步研究发现上述疾病的发生发展与中期因子的功能特点密切相关;近年有学者利用MK在疾病发生发展中的功能特点对疾病进行治疗,特别是MK在肿瘤领域的治疗已成为研究热点,本文结合国内外的最新研究现状就MK与相关疾病的发病机制及治疗作一简要概述,并提出进一步研究的设想。     

关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术对肩袖损伤患者的治疗效果评估

目的:评估关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术对肩袖损伤患者的治疗效果。方法:选择2015年3月到2018年3月在我院诊治的肩袖损伤患者70例进行研究,按随机数表法将其分为观察组(n=36)和对照组(n=34)。对照组采用传统小切口肩袖修复术治疗,观察组采用关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术进行治疗。比较两组治疗后疗效、手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、疼痛减轻时间、治疗前后VAS、美国肩肘外科协会评分(ASES)、Contant-Muley评分的变化情况。结果:治疗后,观察组总有效率为94.44%,显著高于对照组(73.53%,P0.05);观察组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及疼痛减轻时间均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组VAS、ASES、Contant-Muley评分较治疗前均显著改善(P0.05),且观察组VAS评分明显低于对照组,ASES及Contant-Muley评分显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:关节镜下同期行冻结肩松解术治疗肩袖损伤的临床疗效显著优于传统小切口肩袖修复术治疗,其可显著促进关节功能恢复,并减轻患者痛苦。