酸性水和投加铝、钙对鲢鱼早期发育和鳃超微结构的影响

在实验室条件下,研究了酸性水和投加铝、钙对鲢鱼胚胎孵化和鱼苗存活以及幼鱼鳃超微结构的影响。pH4.0引起所有胚胎在24小时内死亡,暴露于pH4.5—6.0的胚胎孵化率和暴露于pH4.0—6.0的5—15日龄鱼苗存活率随pH值上升而增高。投加0.5mg Al~(3+)/L使在酸性pH暴露条件下的胚胎孵化率和鱼苗存活率进一步降低。投加3.0mg Ca~(2+)/L可显著提高暴露于pH4.5和5.0的胚胎孵化率;投加2.0mg Ca~(2+)/L可在一定程度上提高暴露于pH4.5和5.0的鱼苗存活率。幼苗经pH4.5暴露8小时后出现严重的鳃超微结构损害;投加1.0mg Al~(3+)/L使鳃结构损害加剧;投加5.0mg Ca~(2+)/L可明显缓解酸性水对鳃的损害。     

Production of 2,3-butanediol in a membrane bioreactor with cell recycle

Summary The production of 2,3-butanediol by Enterobacter aerogenes DSM 30053 was studied in a cell recycle system with a microfiltration module. Emphasis was put on the influence of oxygen supply, cell residence time, dilution rate, and pH. Under optimal conditions a productivity as high as 14.6 g butanediol + acetoin/l per hour was achieved with a product concentration of 54 g/l and a product yield of 88%. This productivity is three times higher than that of an ordinary continuous culture. The achievable final product concentration of a cell recycle system was limited by the accumulation of the inhibiting by-product acetic acid, which increased very rapidly at low dilution rate. To maximize product concentration a fed-batch fermentation was carried out with stepwise pH adaption at high cell density. A final product concentration of 110 g/l was obtained with a productivity of 5.4 g/l per hour and a yield of 97%.     

Further investigation on nuclear transplantation in different orders of teleost: the combination of the nucleus of Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) and the cytoplasm of Loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus).

The nucleus of a blastula cell from Tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica, family Cichlidae, order Perciformes) was transplanted into an enucleated egg of Loach (Paramisgurnus dabryanus, family Cobitidae, order Cypriniformes). From among 3747 nucleo-cytoplasmic hybrid (NCH) eggs two NCH larval fish (0.05%) were obtained; one died on the 6th day and the other died on the 12th day after the operation. Morphological examinations showed that both NCH larval fish had developed normally with an opened mouth except they could not take food after complete utilization of their egg yolk on the 5th day of development. The possible mechanisms for obtaining such inter-order NCH larval fish are discussed. This is the first report indicating that inter-order NCH larval fish can be obtained in spite of their evolutionary divergence.     

三峡库区新银合欢引种栽培试验

引言新银合欢(Leucaena leucocephla cv. Salvadot)又名萨尔瓦多银合欢,是一种重要的热带木本豆科植物,是大有发展前途的饲料、肥料、燃料和木料的多用途树种。据报道第一年可生长2米以上,以后每年生长1米以上。在没有冻害和立地条件好的地     

血友病患者血清中淋巴腺病病毒/人T细胞Ⅲ型病毒抗体检测

对浙江省1982～1984年注射了美国产浓缩Ⅶ因子制剂的18例血友病患者,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELTSA)检测了血清中淋巴腺病病毒/人T细胞Ⅲ型病毒(LAV/HTLV-Ⅲ)抗体,发现4例阳性,并经免疫荧光试验和Western印迹法证实。2例应用了国产浓缩Ⅷ因子者抗体阴性。一例从美国来华旅游死于艾滋病者,LAV/HTLV-Ⅲ抗体阳性。本研究证明,LAV/HTLVⅢ病毒巳通过美国生产的Ⅷ因子制剂传入中国。     

百日咳杆菌去内毒素及保护性抗原的纯化

内毒素(Endotoxin,简称ET)是百日咳全菌苗(Bordetellapertussis vaccine)产生副作用的主要毒素之一,且不易除去。现有的分离方法,如蔗糖密度梯度离心法,较繁琐,成本高。本文采用Sepha-cryl S-300凝胶层折法可以简便有效的去除大部分内毒素。初步毒素试验结果表明:已达到日本生物制品规格的要求。两种保护性抗原FHA和LPF-HA也得到进一步分离纯化,为今后研制高效的百日咳组分菌苗提供了实验条件。     

Dual action of respiratory inhibitors: inhibition of germination and prevention of dormancy induction in lettuce seeds

`Grand Rapids' lettuce Lactuca sativa L. seeds germinate readily at 15°C but poorly at 25°C in darkness. When held in dark at 25°C for an extended period, the ungerminated seeds become dormant as shown by their inability to germinate or transfer to 15°C in darkness. Induction of dormancy at 25°C was prevented by exposure to CN<sup>−</sup>, azide, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), dinitrophenol, and pure N<sub>2</sub> as determined by subsequent germination at 15°C on removal of inhibitors. The effectiveness of inhibitors to break dormancy declined as dormancy intensified. At relatively low levels, CN<sup>−</sup>, SHAM, and azide promoted dark germination at 25°C while at high levels they were inhibitory. Uptake of O<sub>2</sub> by seeds held at 25°C for 4 days in 1.0 millimolar KCN was inhibited by 67% but was promoted 61% when KCN was removed. Correspondingly greater inhibition (79%) and promotion (148%) occurred when 1.0 millimolar SHAM was added to KCN solution. When applied alone, SHAM had little effect on O<sub>2</sub> uptake. These data indicate that Cyt pathway of respiration plays a dominant role in the control of both dormancy induction and germination of lettuce seeds, and `alternative pathway' is effectively engaged in presence of CN⁻. The channeling of respiratory energy use for processes governing germination or dormancy is subject to control by physical and chemical factors.

A scheme is proposed that illustrates compensatory use of energy for processes controlling dormancy induction and germination. A block of germination, e.g. by low water potential polyethylene glycol solution or a supraoptimal temperature spares energy to be utilized for dormancy induction while a block of dormancy induction by low levels of CN⁻ (similar to GA and light effects) drives germination. Blocking both processes by inhibitors (e.g. CN⁻, CN⁻ + SHAM) presumably leads to accumulation of `reducing power' with consequent improvement in O₂ uptake and oxidation rates of processes controlling germination or dormancy induction upon removal of the inhibitors.