Atrophy of compartments of rat lymph nodes related to an entry of lethally altered lymphocytes

Summary This paper reports the occurrence of an accumulation of lethally altered lymphocytes in the subcapsular sinus of a compartment or compartments of some lymph nodes, an unusual feature best developed in nodes of the mesenteric site in aging athymic animals. Many of these cells are rod-like. In other compartments, similar lymphocytes occurred at various depths in the nodal parenchyma. This was accompanied by the disappearance of a compartment's populations of normal lymphoid cells. The observations reveal that lymphocytes, altered in a tissue, may reach the subcapsular sinus of the draining node compartment and migrate into its parenchyma which then undergoes atrophy. The likely involvement of mast cells is discussed.This work was funded by the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

How does l-glutamate transport relate to selection of mixed nitrogen sources in Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii MNF1000 and cowpea Rhizobium MNF2030?

When growing on a mixture of ammonia and l-glutamate as nitrogen sources, Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii MNF1000 utilizes ammonia exclusively, while cowpea Rhizobium MNF2030 utilizes both compounds at similar rates. l-Glutamate transport in both strain MNF1000 and MNF2030 is active, giving rise to a 60-fold concentration gradient across the membrane of cells of strain MNF2030. Both strains produce two kinetically distinguishable glutamate transport systems under all conditions of growth — a high affinity system with an apparent K _m of 0.06–0.17 M but of relatively low V _max, and a low affinity system with a K _m of 1.2–6.7\ M, but of higher overall capacity. l-Glutamate transport activity in cells of MNF2030 was relatively insensitive to the presence of ammonia in the growth medium. By contrast, ammonia in the growth medium resulted in low activities of glutamate transport in cells of MNF1000 which were provided with a carbon source, offering one explanation for the failure of this strain to use glutamate in the presence of ammonia. However, in cells of MNF1000 growing on glutamate as sole source of carbon and nitrogen, the glutamate transport system is synthesized, even in the presence of accumulated or added ammonia. This suggests that the regulation of the glutamate permease also depends on availability of carbon source.Abbreviations CCCP carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone - HEPES N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid     

4-aminobutyrate is not available to bacteroids of cowpea Rhizobium MNF2030 in snake bean nodules

Laboratory cultures of cowpea Rhizobium MNF2030 grew on 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) as sole source of carbon and nitrogen. GABA transport was active since it was inhibited by carbonyl cyanide mchlorophenyl hydrazone and 2,4-dinitrophenol and cells developed a 400-fold concentration gradient across the cell membrane. Arsenite treatment of GABA-grown cells revealed stoichiometric conversion of GABA to pyruvate, indicating that 2-oxoglutarate is not an intermediate in GABA catabolism. GABA catabolism by cells of strain MNF2030 grown on GABA appreared to involve GABA transaminase, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase and malic enzyme; the first two enzymes were specifically induced by growth on GABA. The deamination process and removal of NH₃ in cells catabolizing GABA involved GABA: 2-oxoglutarate transaminase; glutamate: oxaloacetate aminotransferase; asparate: pyruvate aminotransferase and alanine dehydrogenase.Isolated snakebean bacteroids of strain MNF2030 transported only small amounts of GABA and had uninduced levels of GABA catabolic enzymes, even though the nodules contained significant levels of GABA. The data suggest that GABA is not available to snakebean nodule bacteroids, presumably because of a control imposed by the peribacteroid membrane.Abbreviations CCCP Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone - HEPES N-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulphonic acid - DTT dithiothreitol - SSAD succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase - GABAT 4-aminobutyrate transaminase - GABA 4-aminobutyrate     

北京地区大葱和玉米根际VA菌根的季节变化及其与环境因子之间的关系

1986-1987年连续两年系统调查了北京地区大葱(Allium fistulosum L.)和玉米(Zeamays L.)根际 VA 菌根侵染百分率及菌根真菌孢子密度的季节变化。分析了菌根和菌根真菌的发生与几种土壤因子(土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、速效磷和有机质含量,土壤 pH 值)和气候因子(气温、积温、土温、光照、降水量,相对湿度等)之间的关系。结果表明:大葱和玉米的侵染百分率随作物生育期的增长而增加,并以6月和9月的增长速度最快。一年中,植物根际菌根真菌的孢子密度有二个高峰,分别在6-7月和10月。在北京的同一地区,一年中,几种测定的土壤因子变化很小,因此,认为气候因子对菌根发生的季节变化具有更大的影响。用线性相关和关联度分析的结果表明:一年中,菌根的发生与积温的关系最为密切。     

Interactions of chiral molecules with an (r)-n-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenylglycine HPLC stationary phase

Forty different chiral molecules were studied by liquid chromatography with a Pirkle-type, (R)-N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl) phenylglycine (DNBPG), chiral stationary phase column. The dramatic effect of a small molecular change on chiral recognition was demonstrated using DL-amino acid derivatives. The inductive effect on chiral recognition was also studied using trifluoro-, trichloro-, dichloro-, monochloroacetyl, and acetyl derivatives of four different chiral amines. The study of the enantiomer separation of 11 different crown ethers of 2,2′-binaphthyldiyl showed that the rigidity of the chiral center can be an additional parameter in chiral recognition for the DNBPG phase but not for a β-cyclodextrin bonded chiral phase. It is apparent from this study that steric effects, inductive effects, and molecular rigidity play important roles in chiral recognition with DNBPG chiral stationary phases.     

Structures of the tetrahydrogenated menaquinones fromActinomadura angiospora,Faenia rectivirgula,andSaccharothrix australiensis

The structures of the tetrahydrogenated menaquinones fromActinomadura angiospora, Faenia rectivirgula, andSaccharothrix australiensis were determined by mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The positions of saturation of the tetrahydrogenated menaquinones fromFaenia rectivirgula andSaccharothrix australiensis were units II plus III (counting from the ring system), whereas that ofActinomadura angiospora had units III and VIII hydrogenated. The tetrahydrogenated menaquinones fromFaenia rectivirgula andSaccharothrix australiensis are similar to those characterized from other Gram-positive taxa to date, whereas that fromActinomadura angiospora represents a hitherto unknown isomer.     

Biosynthesis of Territrems by Aspergillus terreus

Different radioactive precursors were added to 8-day potato-dextrose liquid cultures of Aspergillus terreus 23-1. Territrems were isolated from chloroform extracts of the cultures at day 14 and purified by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The territrem B obtained was treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide, and 3, 4, 5-trimethoxy benzoic acid was isolated from an ethyl acetate extract of the reaction mixture and purified by thin-layer chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography. By comparison of the specific radioactivities of territrem B and its cleaved aromatic product (disintegrations per minute per micromole of compound), it was demonstrated that the radioactivity of territrem B was located mainly on its aromatic moiety when [U-C]shikimate, l-[methyl-C]methionine, and l-[methyl-H]methionine were precursors; however, the radioactivity of territrem B was located mainly on its nonaromatic moiety when [2-C]mevalonate was the precursor. Mevinolin, a specific inhibitor of beta-hydroxyl beta-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, was shown to inhibit production of territrems by A. terreus 23-1. When [U-C]acetate was used as a precursor, mevinolin inhibited the incorporation of radioactive carbon into territrem but mevinolin did not inhibit incorporation of radioactive carbon from [2-C]mevalonate into territrem.     

人胸腺上皮细胞培养及其分泌产物

本文通过降低培养基中血清含量,向RPMI 1640培养基中补加三碘甲腺原氨酸而获得一种人胸腺网状上皮细胞占优势生长的培养物。在此培养基中细胞经传代培养长达90天,仍维持正常形态特征。胸腺组织在培养14天后,新生细胞的突起形成网状结构,细胞化学检查和电镜观察表明具有丰富的分泌颗粒,囊泡及张力原纤维束和桥粒等上皮细胞特征。收集合并细胞培养液,经部分纯化后检查其生物活性,表现出具有促进玫瑰花结形成和降低胸腺细胞TdT活性的作用,说明培养细胞的分泌产物具有胸腺激素活性。根据形态学,细胞化学和生物活性检测结果,我们倾向于认为该培养物主要为网状上皮细胞。     

从“湖北光敏感核不育水稻”的未受精子房和花药培养出单倍体植株

采用10种诱导培养基,培养湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦58品种的未受精子房和花药。共培养未受精子房2790个,获得胚囊愈伤组织17块,最高诱导频率达3.33%,其中2块分化出绿苗。培养花药16740个,获得花药愈伤组织15块,最高诱导频率为0.92%,其中3块分化出苗,2丛白苗,1株绿苗。胚囊植株和花粉植株经根尖染色体检查为单倍体,2n=x=12。实验证明,液体培养、2,4-D0.2-0.5 mg/1、低温预处理对诱导胚囊愈伤组织及花粉愈伤组织的形成具良好效果。     

中国人线粒体DNA的八种限制酶图及其电镜结构

尽管Anderson等人(1981)已测定了人mtDNA的全部序列,但还不能全面地反映整个人类mtDNA核苷酸序列的情况。因此,在具有代表特征的中国人mtDNA序列被测定之前,为了开展对中国人mtDNA的遗传学研究,笔者构建了中国人mtDNA的8种限制酶图。并通过电镜技术对mtDNA进行了研究,发现了一种周长为2μm的小环状DNA,推测它可能在核DNA和mtDNA之间的信息传递或衰老发生中起到某些作用。