13C-NMR of double and triple bond carbon atoms of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters

The carbon magnetic resonance spectra of many fatty acid methyl esters with cis and trans double bonds and triple bonds at various positions and in many different combinations have been investigated.The influence of the ester group on double and triple bonds in the fatty acid chain depends strongly on the positions of these bonds. For a given position the influence is constant, even if one or more other double or triple bonds are present.Together with the evaluated chemical shift parameters for the effects of double and triple bonds on each other, complete assignments are possible and spectra of various types of unsaturated esters can be predicted with high accuracy (±0.1 ppm).     

ABO、MN血型及其与测量体征关系的初步探讨

本文提供了男、女两性共404人ABO、MN血型各表现型的35个体质特征测量数据,对血型和测量体征的关系进行了初步讨论。统计分析表明,不同血型群体的某些单个体征平均值之间有显著差异。对所调查的35个体征作整体分析,可见男性MN系统和女性ABO、MN系统各血型群体平均值之间差异显著。在MN血型系统,MN型群体的测量体征平均值低于M型和N型与MN基因型的杂合状态有密切关系。本文还分析了4个民族的血型资料,表明MN血型在ABO血型系统是随机分布的。     

大刍草稀有等位基因促进玉米密植高产

密植是提高作物单位面积产量、促进粮食增产的重要途径之一。叶夹角是影响玉米(Zea mays)密植的关键因子。中国农业大学田丰课题组最近克隆了2个调控玉米叶夹角的数量性状位点(QTL)——UPA1和UPA2, 揭示了这2个位点的功能基因(brd1和ZmRAVL1)通过油菜素内酯(BR)信号通路调控叶夹角。UPA2位于ZmRAVL1上游9.5 kb, 可与DRL1蛋白结合。另一个影响玉米叶夹角的蛋白LG1可以激活ZmRAVL1的表达; DRL1蛋白与LG1蛋白直接互作抑制LG1对ZmRAVL1的激活表达。玉米祖先种大刍草(teosinte)的UPA2位点序列与DRL1蛋白结合能力更强, 导致大刍草ZmRAVL1的表达受到更强的抑制, 下调表达的ZmRAVL1进一步使下游基因brd1的表达下调, 进而降低叶环区的内源BR水平, 导致叶夹角变小。将大刍草的UPA2等位基因导入到玉米中或对玉米中ZmRAVL1进行基因编辑, 在密植条件下均可显著提高玉米产量。上述发现为高产玉米品种的分子育种改良提供了重要理论基础和基因资源。     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究

以壳聚糖为载体,成二醛为交联剂将木瓜蛋白酶固定化。5％戊二醛在4-6℃下处理载体5h,加酶液(3.5mg/mL蛋白,pH7.2)固定12h,活力回收达32％,作用于酪蛋白的半衰期为36天,其表观K_m(酪蛋白)值为0.075％(W/V),溶液酶的K_m值为0.086％;最适pH7.0～7.5,溶液酶为7.0～8.5。固定化酶在pH8.5以下,溶液酶在9.0以下活力稳定。固定化酶在45℃以下,溶液酶在75℃以下稳定。用6mol/L脲洗脱固定化酶4次(5.5h)活力仍有54.5％。用固定化酶处理啤酒浊度比对照下降了1.5-3.7倍,蛋白质含量下降了44％,冷藏(4℃)120天无冷混浊现象发生并保持了啤酒原有风味和理化性状。     

转化淋巴细胞胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性及细胞内源性底物的研究

本文对增殖期的淋巴细胞胰岛素依赖性酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性及内源性废物进行了分析研究。在纯化的健康人淋巴细胞中加入适量的植物血凝素(PHA),经过72h培养即成为转化淋巴细胞(增殖期淋巴细胞)。应用~(32)P参入实验,证实转化淋巴细胞胰岛素受体具有胰岛素依赖性的酪氨酸蛋白激酶活性,与未转化的对照组相比其活性增加约9倍。Scatchard分析表明转化后淋巴细胞膜表面胰岛素受体数增加3.5倍。应用抗酪氨酸磷酸酯抗体,对胰岛素作用前后的转化与未转化淋巴细胞内,酪氨酸残基磷酸化的蛋白进行了鉴定,结果表明:除了95kD受体β亚基自身磷酸化外,45kD蛋白质也明显磷酸化,我们命名它为PP45。我们认为PP45可能是淋巴细胞中胰岛素受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶的主要内源性废物,它的磷酸化是胰岛素信息传递过程级联反应的初始步骤。     

稀土元素Pr~(3+)、Nd~(3+)对蚕豆(Vicia feba)叶片原生质膜上Ca~(2+)·Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性的影响

本文介绍用二相分配法制备蚕豆叶片原生质膜上的Ca~(2+)·Mg~(2+)-ATPase,用以研究镧系,稀土离子对此酶活性的影响。初步证实Pr~(3+)、Nd~(3+)对依赖于CaM的以及不依赖于CaM的蚕豆叶片原生质膜上Ca~(2+)·Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性的抑制不是CaM专一的。     

Serine utilization as a precursor of phosphatidylserine and alkenyl-(plasmenyl)-, alkyl-, and acylethanolamine phosphoglycerides in cultured glioma cells

In several tissues and cell lines, serine utilized for phosphatidylserine (PS) synthesis is an eventual precursor of the base moiety of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (PE). We investigated the biosynthesis and decarboxylation of PS in cultured C6 glioma cells, with particular attention to 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (plasmenylethanolamine) biosynthesis. Incorporation of [3H]serine into PS reached a maximum within 4-8 h, and label in nonplasmenylethanolamine phosphoglyceride (NP-PE) and plasmenylethanolamine was maximal by 12-24 h and 48 h, respectively. After 8 h, label in PS decreased even though 40-60% of initial label remained in the culture medium. Serial additions of fresh [3H]serine restored PS synthesis to higher levels of labeled PS accumulation followed by a subsequent decrease in 4-8 h. High performance liquid chromatographic analyses confirmed that medium serine was depleted by 8 h, and thereafter metabolites, including acetate and formate, accounted for radioactivity in the medium. The rapid but transient appearance of labeled glycine and ATP inside the cells indicated conversion of serine by hydroxymethyltransferase. 78-85% of label from serine was in headgroup of PS or of PE formed by decarboxylation. A precursor-product relationship was suggested for label from [3H]serine appearing in the headgroup of diacyl, alkylacyl, and alkenylacyl subclasses of PE. By 48 h, a constant specific activity, ratio of approximately 1:1 was reached between plasmenylethanolamine and NP-PE, similar to the molar distribution of these lipids. In contrast, equilibrium was not achieved in cells incubated with [1,2-14C]ethanolamine; plasmenylethanolamine had 2-fold greater specific activity than labeled NP-PE by 72-96 h. These observations indicate that in cultured glioma cells 1) serine serves as a precursor of the head group of PS and of both plasmenyl and non-plasmenyl species of PE; 2) exchange of headgroup between NP-PE and plasmenylethanolamine may involve different donor pools of PE depending on whether the headgroup originates with exogenous serine or ethanolamine; 3) serine is rapidly converted to other metabolites, which limits exogenous serine as a direct phospholipid precursor.     

黑龙江省东宁县山区蜱类的生态调查

我国东北地区有的蜱种已证实是传播森林脑炎、北亚蜱传斑疹伤寒的媒介。近年来,国内文献又报导了从东北牡丹江林区发现了莱姆病(Lyme Disease)病人,病人都有被婢咬史,并从全沟硬蜱(Ixodes persulcatus)的中     

The genes required for heme synthesis in Salmonella typhimurium include those encoding alternative functions for aerobic and anaerobic coproporphyrinogen oxidation.

Insertion mutagenesis has been used to isolate Salmonella typhimurium strains that are blocked in the conversion of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to heme. These mutants define the steps of the heme biosynthetic pathway after ALA. Insertions were recovered at five unlinked loci: hemB, hemCD, and hemE, which have been mapped previously in S. typhimurium, and hemG and hemH, which have been described only for Escherichia coli. No other simple hem mutants were found. However, double mutants are described that are auxotrophic for heme during aerobic growth and fail to convert coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX. These mutant strains are defective in two genes, hemN and hemF. Single mutants defective only in hemN require heme for anaerobic growth on glycerol plus nitrate but not for aerobic growth on glycerol. Mutants defective only in hemF have no apparent growth defect. We suggest that these two genes encode alternative forms of coproporphyrinogen oxidase. Anaerobic heme synthesis requires hemN function, while either hemN or hemF is sufficient for aerobic heme synthesis. These phenotypes are consistent with the requirement of a well-characterized class of coproporphyrinogen oxidase for molecular oxygen.