湖南沅江鼎城段河蚬的性别组成与精子形态特征

本研究以湖南沅江鼎城段河蚬(Corbicula fluminea)为研究对象,在进一步验证该群体性别组成的基础上,分析壳长组成与性别比例之间关系,探讨该群体雄性、雌性和雌雄同体之间关系;同时以单鞭毛精子为参照,分析比较双鞭毛精子的形态特征,以期为我国河蚬的性别发生及生殖适应策略研究提供基础资料。结果显示：沅江鼎城段河蚬(n = 770)雄性、雌性和雌雄同体最小性成熟壳长分别为2.92 mm、5.66 mm和5.30 mm。697只性成熟河蚬中雄性、雌性和雌雄同体的比例近似1︰1︰6。雌雄同体的平均壳长[(22.55 ± 0.33)mm,n = 517]显著大于雄性[(20.44 ± 1.03)mm,n = 95]和雌性[(19.79 ± 0.99)mm,n = 85](P < 0.05),但雄性与雌性的平均壳长之间差异不显著(P > 0.05)。河蚬可以产生单鞭毛和双鞭毛两种类型的精子,单鞭毛精子头长范围4.93 ~ 21.79 μm,平均值(14.27 ± 0.82)μm(n = 30),双鞭毛精子头长范围10.29 ~ 22.04 μm,平均值(15.62 ± 0.62)μm(n = 26)。单、双鞭毛精子头长差异不显著(P > 0.05)。双鞭毛精子(n = 26)长尾的平均长度[(38.07 ± 1.44)μm]显著大于其短尾[(31.08 ± 1.60)μm]和单鞭毛精子(n = 30)尾部长度[(30.15 ± 1.75)μm](P < 0.01),但其短尾与单鞭毛精子的尾部平均长度之间无显著性差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明：湖南沅江鼎城段河蚬为雄性先熟,且可能存在雄性和(或)雌性向雌雄同体转换现象。河蚬具有单鞭毛型和双鞭毛型2种类型的精子,且双鞭毛精子的2个尾部不等长。同域共存河蚬的单鞭毛与双鞭毛精子在运动及受精能力方面的差异值得深入研究。     

圈养獐分娩的初步观察

2004年的5~7月,在浙江省嵊州市河麂种源繁育基地对34只獐(Hydropotes inermis)的分娩活动进行了观察。结果表明,母獐通常选择安全的地点进行分娩。獐集中分娩的时间为6月3日到6月19日,占分娩母獐总数的73.53%(n=34),并且分娩多在白天进行。产程(从胎膜露出到胎盘娩出)平均为(302.20±15.27)min(n=15)。胎儿娩出的姿势多为前躯前置(前足、头先露出),占83.78%;少数为后躯前置(后足先露出),占16.22%。幼仔首次吮乳时间在单胎和多胎间无显著差异,平均为出生后(44.97±2.73)min(n=35)。幼仔出生后首次平均站立时间在双胞胎、三胞胎和四胞胎分别为(32.25±2.49)min(n=16)(、29.42±2.52)min(n=12)和(65.00±7.39)min(n=6)。每胎幼仔数越多,初生幼仔的平均体重越轻。     

Electrophysiological and immunocytochemical characterization of DRG neurons on an organosilane surface in serum-free medium

We are attempting to recreate a stretch reflex circuit on a patterned Bio-MEMS (bio-microelectromechanical systems) chip with deflecting micro-cantilevers. The first steps to recreate this system is to be able to grow individual components of the circuit (sensory neuron, motoneuron, skeletal muscle, and muscle spindle) on a patternable, synthetic substrate coating the MEMS device. Sensory neurons represent the afferent portion of the stretch reflex arc and also play a significant role in transmitting the signal from the muscle spindle to the spinal cord motoneurons. We have utilized a synthetic silane substrate N-1[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl) diethylenetriamine (DETA) on which to grow and pattern the cells. DETA forms a self-assembled monolayer on a variety of silicon substrates, including glass, and can be patterned using photolithography. In this paper, we have evaluated the growth of sensory neurons on this synthetic silane substrate. We have investigated the immunocytochemical and electrophysiological properties of the sensory neurons on DETA and compared the resultant properties with a biological control substrate (ornithine/laminin). Immunocytochemical studies revealed the survival and growth of all three subtypes of sensory neurons: trkA, trkB, and trkC on both surfaces. Furthermore, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to study the electrophysiological properties of the sensory neurons on the two surfaces. There were no significant differences in the electrical properties of the neurons grown on either surface. This is the first study analyzing the immunocytochemical and electrophysiological properties of sensory neurons grown long-term in a completely defined environment and on a nonbiological substrate.     

Targeting UPR branches,a potential strategy for enhancing efficacy of cancer chemotherapy

Cancer cells are often exposed to cell intrinsic stresses and environmental perturbations that may lead to accumulation of unfolded and/or misfolded proteins in...     

MYH9: structure,functions and role of non-muscle myosin ⅡA in human disease

MYH9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) are a group of autosomal dominant diseases caused by mutations in the MYH9 gene, which are featured by thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and granulocyte cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. MYH9-RD patients generally suffer from bleeding syndromes, progressive kidney disease, deafness, or cataracts. Here, we reported on a case of MYH9-RD. A novel heterozygous mutation of MYH9 (c.2344-2345delGTinsTA, p.T782Y) was discovered by targeted sequencing technology. Immunofluorescence analysis of neutrophils confirmed abnormal aggregation of MYH9 protein. The results of this study should expand the MYH9 gene mutation spectrum and provide reference for subsequent researchers and genetic counseling.     

城市生态规划的回顾与展望

回顾了城市生态规划的发展情况,对其发展前景进行了展望。从19世纪末至今,从Howard的“田园城市”到MacHarg的土地利用生态规划方法,再到基于生态系统理论的城市生态对策规划,城市生态规划的理论和方法在实践中不断完善。全球城市化进程的加快带来了一系列的生态环境问题。城市生态规划作为实现城市可持续发展的途径之一,越来越受到人们的关注,为生态城市建设服务是城市生态规划的发展方向。     

Mutations in the exon 10 of prolactin receptor gene change the egg production performance in Wanjiang white goose

To select the molecular genetic markers related to egg performance of Wanjiang white goose, prolactin receptor gene (PRLR) was adopted to be a candidate gene in our study. Five pairs of primers (P1–P5) were designed to detect the SNPs of PRLR gene by PCR-SSCP method. The results revealed that polymorphisms were discovered in the PCR products amplified with P4 primers in PRLR exon 10, three genotypes were found: AA, AB and AC. The sequence of AB genotype is the same as original sequence (DQ660982) in NCBI. There are five mutations in AA genotype: C → A at 840 bp, C → T at 862 bp, T → C at 875 bp, T → A at 963 bp, A → T at 989 bp, resulting in amino acid mutations: His → Asn, Thr → Ile, Asn → Lys, Thr → Ser, and synonymous mutation at 875 bp. Sequencing revealed five mutations in AC genotype: G → T at 816 bp, A → T at 861 bp, C → T at 862 bp, T → C at 875 bp, A → G at 948 bp, causing amino acid mutations of Val → Phe, Thr → Phe, synonymous mutations at 875 and 963 bp. Besides, there are an N-glycosylation site (NQSR), three casein kinase II phosphorylation sites including SIIE, SKTE, and SLMD in AA genotype; three casein kinase II phosphorylation sites including SIIE, SKTE, and TLMD in AB genotype; three casein kinase II phosphorylation sites including SIFE, SKTE, and TLMD in AC genotype. The annual egg yielding of AB genotype geese are significantly more than those of AA and AC genotype geese on the average (P < 0.05). It is suggested for the first time that PRLR is a promising candidate gene that can affect egg performance in Wanjiang white goose.     

Ontogeny and phylogeny of Metaurostylopsis cheni sp. n. (Protozoa,Ciliophora), with estimating the systematic position of Metaurostylopsis

Chen, X., Huang, J. & Song, W. (2010). Ontogeny and phylogeny of Metaurostylopsis cheni sp. n. (Protozoa, Ciliophora), with estimating the systematic position of Metaurostylopsis. —Zoologica Scripta, 40, 99–111. The ciliate genus Metaurostylopsis seems to be a highly divergent marine‐habiting group, of which neither systematic position nor the variation of their ontogeny has been critically checked. In the present work, the morphology and morphogenesis during asexual division of a new form, Metaurostylopsis cheni sp. n., isolated from the Yellow Sea, China, were investigated and comparison among known congeners was performed. The new species has two types of cortical granules, the larger ones of which are flattened and oval or circular in outline with a longitudinal groove, yellow–green in colour, and arranged along the cirral rows and dorsal kineties, whereas the smaller ones are colourless or grayish and sparsely distributed. The main morphogenetic features are: (i) the entire parental ciliature, including the old oral apparatus, is renewed, (ii) the oral primordium of the proter originates de novo and beneath the surface of the buccal cavity, that is, sub‐apokinetally, (iii) the anlagen of the marginal rows and of the dorsal kineties are formed intrakinetally and (iv) fusion of the macronuclear nodules results in an irregular mass with only few branches. The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene of M. cheni was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis based on SSU rRNA gene sequence data shows that M. cheni clusters with all other Metaurostylopsis spp. sequenced to date indicating that the genus is monophyletic and is probably closely related to the Apokeronopsis–Thigmokeronopsis‐group, within the order Urostylida.     

暴发脑膜脑炎流行的新型毒株的全基因序列

吉林省延边地区１９９６年６月发生无菌性脑膜脑炎流行,从病人脑脊液和粪便标本中分离到多株病毒,血清学实验证明所分离的病毒为此次无菌性脑膜脑炎流行的病因。对其中的２株病毒（Ｙａｎｂｉａｎ９６－８３ｃｓｆ和Ｙａｎｂｉａｎ９６－８５ｃｓｆ）测定了全基因核酸序列并帮了比较分析。结果所测２株病毒核酸长度均为７４５６ｂｐ〔包括３端ｐｏｌｙ（Ａ）尾〕,两者间仅有１３个位点不同,同源性达９９．８％,在进化树上位于同