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101.
Yan, Sheng, Pawel Sliwinski, and Peter T. Macklem.Association of chest wall motion and tidal volume responses during CO2 rebreathing.J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4):1528-1534, 1996.The purpose of this study is to investigate theeffect of chest wall configuration at end expiration on tidal volume(VT) response duringCO2 rebreathing. In a group of 11 healthy male subjects, the changes in end-expiratory andend-inspiratory volume of the rib cage (Vrc,E andVrc,I, respectively) and abdomen (Vab,E and Vab,I, respectively) measured by linearizedmagnetometers were expressed as a function of end-tidalPCO2(PETCO2). The changes inend-expiratory and end-inspiratory volumes of the chest wall(Vcw,E and Vcw,I,respectively) were calculated as the sum of the respectiverib cage and abdominal volumes. The magnetometer coils were placed atthe level of the nipples and 1-2 cm above the umbilicus andcalibrated during quiet breathing against theVT measured from apneumotachograph. TheVrc,E/PETCO2 slope was quite variable among subjects. It was significantly positive (P < 0.05) in fivesubjects, significantly negative in four subjects(P < 0.05), and not different fromzero in the remaining two subjects. TheVab,E/PETCO2slope was significantly negative in all subjects(P < 0.05) with a much smallerintersubject variation, probably suggesting a relatively more uniformrecruitment of abdominal expiratory muscles and a variable recruitmentof rib cage muscles during CO2rebreathing in different subjects. As a group, the meanVrc,E/PETCO2,Vab,E/PETCO2, andVcw,E/PETCO2slopes were 0.010 ± 0.034, 0.030 ± 0.007, and0.020 ± 0.032 l / Torr, respectively;only theVab,E/PETCO2 slope was significantly different from zero. More interestingly, theindividualVT/PETCO2slope was negatively associated with theVrc,E/PETCO2(r = 0.68,P = 0.021) and Vcw,E/PETCO2slopes (r = 0.63,P = 0.037) but was not associated withtheVab,E/PETCO2slope (r = 0.40, P = 0.223). There was no correlation oftheVrc,E/PETCO2 andVcw,E/PETCO2slopes with age, body size, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, orexpiratory time. The groupVab,I/PETCO2 slope (0.004 ± 0.014 l / Torr) was not significantlydifferent from zero despite theVT nearly being tripled at theend of CO2 rebreathing. Inconclusion, the individual VTresponse to CO2, althoughindependent of Vab,E, is a function ofVrc,E to the extent that as theVrc,E/PETCO2slope increases (more positive) among subjects, theVT response toCO2 decreases. These results maybe explained on the basis of the respiratory muscle actions andinteractions on the rib cage. 相似文献
102.
103.
DNA immunization: Effects of vehicle and route of administration on the induction of protective antiviral immunity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Masayuki Yokoyama Jie Zhang J.Lindsay Whitton 《FEMS immunology and medical microbiology》1996,14(4):221-230
Abstract The effectiveness of DNA immunization has been demonstrated in several model systems, usually following intramuscular injection of DNA in saline, or topical administration to the skin. In this study we have compared DNA delivered by three routes (intramuscular, intravenous, and intraperitoneal) and, for each route, in two vehicles (cationic liposome complex and pH sensitive liposome). These two lipid vehicles were evaluated because they are frequently used in gene therapy studies, but their immunogenicity has not been extensively studied. Each of these six combinations has been evaluated not only by assay of marker gene expression in a variety of tissues, but also by measurement of biologically-relevant parameters of immunity induction of antibodies, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and protection against viral challenge. By both criteria (marker gene expression and induced immunity), the outcomes vary markedly among the six combinations. The combination leading to maximal marker gene expression (DNA with cationic lipid, administered i.v.) also induces detectable antibodies and CTL, and is the only one of the six combinations to induce immune responses comparable to those seen following i.m. injection of DNA in saline. However, marker gene expression can be detected in other combinations in the absence of induced immunity thus the value of marker gene expression in predicting the protection induced by a microbial antigen is questionable suggesting that, when evaluating various promoter constructs, marker gene expression may not adequately replace the direct measurement of biological outcomes. 相似文献
104.
105.
达斡尔族成人的体格,体型及半个多世纪来的变化 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
对内蒙古自治区莫力达瓦族353名(男187,女166)20-60岁达斡尔族进行了活体观察与测量,总结了达斡尔族的体格特征和类型。并在城乡之间和与半个世纪以前同一地区达斡尔族的体质资料之间进行了比较。 相似文献
106.
壳聚糖固定化纤维素酶的研究 总被引:29,自引:1,他引:28
以蟹壳为原料提取壳聚糖,用戊二醛作交联剂,将纤维素酶固定于壳聚糖上.同时探讨了一定量干壳聚糖载体与交联剂浓度、给酶量等关系的最适固定化酶条件,并对固定化酶的热稳定性、操作稳定性、米氏常数、最适温度、离子强度的影响及使用半衰期等理化性质进行了探讨. 相似文献
107.
小麦形成大穗的生态学基础 总被引:11,自引:5,他引:6
研究了不同光、温条件下3个小麦品种的生育特征、幼穗分化、幼穗生长和穗部性状,探讨了促进穗大粒多、提高小麦单产的可行途径.结果表明,因播种期的不同而导致的小麦生长期间光、温条件的不同,使之各生育期出现的时间及其持续的天数有了较大的差异.小麦幼穗分化的历期天数多与平均气温和平均日照长度呈显著或极显著负相关.不同的积温是幼穗生长量和每穗总小穗数产生差异的重要原因.在条件适宜的麦区,可望通过引种适宜品种并适当提早播种期,以促进德大粒多、实现单产的明显提高. 相似文献
108.
金黄色葡萄球菌L型和人乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关系的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用改良革兰氏染色和免疫组化染色(ABC法),对270例宫颈癌和33例慢性宫颈炎进行了研究。结果发现,宫颈癌革兰氏染色切片中细菌L型感染率(75.1%)明显高于慢性宫颈炎(45.5%)(P<0.05),金黄色葡萄球菌L型抗原阳性率(76.2%)明显高于人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)抗原阳性率(57.1%)。L型、HPV混合感染率为42.8%。上述结果表明宫颈癌中金葡菌L型与HPV感染均常见,尤其金葡菌L型感染更为多见;金葡菌L型与HPV感染的致病特征相似,两者均有不同程度的空泡细胞出现。提示金葡菌L型感染可能也是宫颈癌的致癌重要因素之一。 相似文献
109.
核糖核酸(RNA)与稀土铽离子在pH5.0~6.5条件下能形成具有较强荧光的络合物,其激发峰在288nm处,发射峰为494nm及545nm处.RNA在0.1~10mg/L范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,其检出限为6.0×10 ̄(-8)mol/L.腺苷酸,尿苷酸,胞苷酸对RNA的干扰比较小,因此可在其存在下选择性地测定RNA. 相似文献
110.
对1587名献血员进行了抗-HCV检测,总阳性率5.60%,在不同职业中农民较高,占6.72%,30岁以上为12.76%。我站自改进采浆工艺,严格使用一次性消毒器具后,未发现HCV交叉感染。职业献血者抗-HCV阳性率高达35.48%,易造成输血后HCV感染。对HCV感染OD值阳性30人又进行4-6个月的观察复测,其中16人OD值下降,6人上升,认为OD值的变化与自限性HCV感染有关。 相似文献